Humanismo y plusvalía.La centralidad constitutiva del sujeto humano en la construcción de la economía política de Marx

Abstract

The dissertation examines the “apparent” contradictions in economic thought that have turned its dominant vision antithetical to its ethical and philosophical foundations. It details a process in which economists theorise about a multidimensional human being that is extinguished in the aspiration to achieve greater scientificity. Through the "break" between Marxist humanism and its economics, a reflection is made on the process of "specialisation". A "simplified" human being is identified who is subsumed to the maximisation of utility or who is diluted in structures.Sánchez Vázquez's Marxism establishes the existence of an ethical and moral perspective derived from economic thought. The "surplus value," by revealing the social injustice of capitalism, manifests the complexity of human relations and their impossibility of being put under a "mechanisation" of behaviour. Through "surplus value", the need to rescue the reproduction of nature and human beings as the main purpose of economics is investigated in economic ideas. Economics is a discipline that expresses its "indignation" against the alienation, degradation, subjugation, and reification of human beings and nature under capitalism...