Deforestation induces shallow landsliding in the montane and subalpine belts of the Urbión Mountains, Iberian Range, Northern Spain

  1. García-Ruiz, J.M. 6
  2. Beguería, S. 5
  3. Arnáez, J. 1
  4. Sanjuán, Y. 6
  5. Lana-Renault, N. 1
  6. Gómez-Villar, A. 3
  7. Álvarez-Martínez, J. 4
  8. Coba-Pérez, P. 2
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  2. 2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Ciudad de México, México

    ROR https://ror.org/01tmp8f25

  3. 3 Universidad de León
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    Universidad de León

    León, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02tzt0b78

  4. 4 Universidad de Valladolid
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    Universidad de Valladolid

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01fvbaw18

  5. 5 Estación Experimental de Aula Dei
    info

    Estación Experimental de Aula Dei

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/056a37x91

  6. 6 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
    info

    Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/039ssy097

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Revista:
Geomorphology

ISSN: 0169-555X

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 296

Páginas: 31-44

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2017.08.016 PMID: English SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-85032968016 WoS: WOS:000415769800003 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Geomorphology

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Resumen

In this study the spatial distribution of shallow landslides in the upper montane and subalpine belts of the Urbión Mountains (Iberian Range, northern Spain) was investigated, particularly in relation to the spatial organization of deforestation and land cover. The upper montane and subalpine belts have been deforested several times since the Neolithic Period, to enlarge the area of summer grasslands for feeding transhumant sheep flocks. Consequently, the timberline was lowered by 400–600 m, and increased the occurrence of severe erosion processes, particularly shallow landslides. This study shows that most of the landslide scars are in the summer grasslands area, and that a remarkable extent of the subalpine belt area has been subjected to mass movements. In addition to land use, the soil characteristics and topography help explain the development of conditions most favorable to landsliding. Shallow landslide susceptibility was highest in the upper parts of the slopes near the divides, in areas having slope gradients of 10–30° and deep soils with an increasing proportion of clay with depth. The landslides were clustered and not randomly distributed, and the causes of this spatial distribution are discussed. The current trend of woody encroachment in the upper montane and subalpine belts, resulting from decreasing livestock pressure, will probably reduce the susceptibility of these areas to shallow landslides in the future. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.