A nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approach in the control of body weight and inflammation

Résumé

This Doctoral Thesis investigates the role of the genetic predisposition on the control of body weight and inflammation in subjects with excess in body weight, following an energy-restrictive therapy and after one year of weight management period. It includes five scientific publications describing the implication of several nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic biomarkers on obesity-related comorbidities and on weight regulation. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms showed association with weight regulation and with the risk of obesity-related comorbidities and progression. Concretely, the -174G>C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene was connected to the risk of obesity-related metabolic disorders development, which showed also a synergetic effect with the Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma2 gene polymorphism on the one year weight-loss maintenance. The -11391G/A adiponectin and Gly482Ser PGC-1alfa gene polymorphisms, appeared increasing the risk of obesity-related metabolic alterations, which was modulated after the dietary treatment of obesity and one year after the nutritional therapy.Moreover, body adiposity and the proinflammatory status, determined by higher amounts of fat mass, higher baseline leptin levels, higher plasma and mRNA levels of TNFalfa, as well as elevated expression of NFkB subunits in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, predict the weight-loss regain after 6-month of the dietary treatment of obesity. The observations of the current Doctoral Thesis contribute to provide knowledge for the design of specific nutritional treatments of obesity, based on nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic biomarkers, along with inflammation-related individual characteristics of the patients. Moreover, these suggestions will turn in favor the control of obesity-related metabolic disorders as well as the management of the dietary-induced weight-loss.