La autoestima y su relación con la ansiedad social y las habilidades sociales

  1. Vicente E. Caballo 1
  2. Isabel C. Salazar 1
  3. César Antona
  4. Pilar Bas 2
  5. María J. Irurtia 3
  6. José A. Piqueras 4
  7. Carlos Salavera 5
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 Universidad de Cádiz
    info

    Universidad de Cádiz

    Cádiz, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04mxxkb11

  3. 3 Universidad de Valladolid
    info

    Universidad de Valladolid

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01fvbaw18

  4. 4 Universidad de Elche
  5. 5 Universidad de Zaragoza
    info

    Universidad de Zaragoza

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/012a91z28

Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud

ISSN: 1132-9483

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 26

Número: 1

Páginas: 23-53

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud

Resumen

Este trabajo examina la autoestima y sus dimensiones utilizando la “Escala Janis-Field de sentimientos de inadecuación-Revisada” (RJFFIS) y la “Escala Rosenberg de autoestima” (RSES) en una muestra mayoritariamente universitaria (n= 826). Analizamos su relación con la ansiedad social (AS) y las habilidades sociales (HHSS), evaluadas con el “Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos” (CASO), el “Cuestionario de habilidades sociales” (CHASO) y el “Inventario de asertividad de Rathus” (RAS). La solución heptafactorial de la RJFFIS explica el 59,65% de la varianza común y apoya un concepto multifactorial de la autoestima, incluyendo facetas que tienen que ver con la apariencia y habilidades físicas, relaciones sociales y habilidades académicas o laborales. Las correlaciones moderadas con la RSES apoyan la validez convergente de la RJFFIS. Por otra parte, la autoestima se relaciona de forma moderada con la AS y las HHSS. Los sujetos con alta AS muestran una autoestima significativamente más baja que aquellos con baja AS y lo opuesto ocurre respecto a las HHSS. Existen diferencias de sexo en cuanto a la autoestima, mostrando los hombres puntuaciones más altas que las mujeres. Estos resultados sustentan la naturaleza multidimensional de la autoestima y la necesidad de investigar su papel en las áreas tanto de la AS como de las HHSS.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alessandri, G., Vecchione, M., Eisenberg, N. y Łaguna, M. (2015). On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) General Self-Esteem Scale. Psychological Assessment, 27, 621-635.
  • Aluja, A., Rolland, J. P., García, L. F. y Rossier, J. (2007). Dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and its relationships with the three- and the five-factor personality models. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 246-249.
  • Bano, N., Ahmad, Z. R. y Ali, A. Z. (2012). Relationship of self-esteem and social anxiety: a comparative study between male and female adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 15-23.
  • Caballo, V. E., Arias, B., Salazar, I. C., Irurtia, M. J., Hofmann, S. G. y CISO-A Research Team (2015). Psychometric properties of an innovative self-report measure: the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for adults. Psychological Assessment, 27, 997-1012
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Arias, B., Irurtia, M. J., Calderero, M. y CISO-A España, Equipo de Investigación (2010). Validación del “Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos” (CASO-A30) en universitarios españoles: similitudes y diferencias entre carreras universitarias y comunidades autónomas. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 18, 5-34
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C. y Equipo de Investigación CISO-A España (2017). Desarrollo y validación de un nuevo instrumento para la evaluación de las habilidades sociales: el “Cuestionario de habilidades sociales” (CHASO). Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 25, 5-24
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., García-López, L. J., Irurtia, M. J. y Arias, B. (2014). Trastorno de ansiedad social (fobia social): características clínicas y diagnósticas. En V. E. Caballo, I. C. Salazar y J. A. Carrobles (dirs.), Manual de psicopatología y trastornos psicológicos (pp. 183-210). Madrid: Pirámide
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Garrido, L. e Irurtia, M. J. (2016). Trastorno de ansiedad social (fobia social). En M. A. Vallejo (dir.), Manual de terapia de conducta (tomo 1, 3a ed.) (pp. 349-417). Madrid: Dykinson.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C. y Garrido, L. (2018). Programa de intervención multidimensional para la ansiedad social (IMAS). Libro del paciente. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Garrido, L., Irurtia, M. J. y Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Programa de intervención multidimensional para la ansiedad social (IMAS). Libro del terapeuta. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Irurtia, M. J., Arias, B., Hofmann, S. G., y the CISO-A Research Team (2008). Social anxiety in 18 nations: sex and age differences. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 16, 163-187.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Irurtia, M. J., Arias, B., Hofmann, S. G. y CISO-A Research Team (2012). The multidimensional nature and multicultural validity of a new measure of social anxiety: the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults. Behavior Therapy, 43, 313-328.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Irurtia, M. J., Arias, B., Hofmann, S. G. y CISO-A Research Team (2014). Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 35-40.
  • Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Olivares, P., Irurtia, M. J., Olivares, J. y Toledo, R. (2014). Assessing social skills: the factorial structure and other psychometric properties of four self-report measures. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 22, 375-399.
  • Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
  • Coopersmith, S. (1986). Self-esteem inventories. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Cheng, G., Zhang, D. y Ding, F. (2015). Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators between family socioeconomic status and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61, 569-576.
  • de Jong, P. J. (2002). Implicit self-esteem and social anxiety: differential self-favouring effects in high and low anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 501-508.
  • Demo, D. H. (1985). The measurement of self-esteem: refining our methods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1490-1502.
  • Eagly, A. H. (1967). Involvement as a determinant of response to favorable and unfavorable information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 1-15.
  • Farmer, A. S. y Kashdan, T. B. (2014). Affective and self-esteem instability in the daily lives of people with generalized social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 187-201.
  • Fleming, J. S. y Courtney, B. E. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem: II. Hierarchical facet model for revised measurement scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 404-421.
  • Fleming, J. S. y Watts, W. A. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem: some results for a college sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 921-929.
  • Glashouwer, K. A., Vroling, M. S., de Jong, P. J., Lange, W.-G. y de Keijser, J. (2013). Low implicit self-esteem and dysfunctional automatic associations in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 262-270.
  • Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E. y Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
  • Heatherton, T. F. y Polivy, J. (1991). Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 895-910.
  • Heatherton, T. F. y Wyland, C. L. (2003). Assessing self-esteem. En S. J. Lopez y C. R. Snyder (dirs.), Positive psychological assessment: a handbook of models and measures (pp. 219-233). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Iancu, I., Bodner, E. y Ben-Zionc, I. Z. (2015). Self-esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 165-171.
  • Janis, I. L. y Field, P. B. (1959). Sex differences and personality factors related to persuasibility. En C. I. Hovland y I. L. Janis (dirs.), Personality and persuasibility (pp. 55-68). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kahle, L. R. (1976). Comparison of four methods of measuring self-esteem. Psychological Reports, 39, 974.
  • Karagözoğlu, Ş., Kahve, E., Koç ö. y Adamişoğlu, D. (2008). Self-esteem and assertiveness of final year Turkish university students. Nurse Education Today, 28, 641-649.
  • Khanam, S. J. y Moghal, F. (2012). Self-esteem as a predictor of fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 43, 91-100.
  • Kohn, M. L. y Schooler, C. (1969). Class, occupation and orientation. American Sociological Review, 34, 659-678.
  • León Camargo, A., Rodríguez Angarita, C., Ferrel Ortega, F. R. y Ceballos Ospino, G. A. (2009). Asertividad y autoestima en estudiantes de primer semestre de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Santa Marta (Colombia). Psicología desde el Caribe, 24, 91-105.
  • Marsh, H. W. y O’Mara, A. (2008). Reciprocal effects between academic self-concept, selfesteem, achievement, and attainment over seven adolescent years: unidimensional and multidimensional perspectives of self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 542-552.
  • Marsh, H. W., Scalas, L. F. y Nagengast, B. (2010). Longitudinal tests of competing factor structures for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: traits, ephemeral artifacts, and stable response styles. Psychological Assessment, 22, 366-381.
  • Nordstrom, A. H., Swenson Goguen, L. M. y Hiester, M. (2014). The effect of social anxiety and self-esteem on college adjustment, academics, and retention. Journal of College Counseling, 17, 48-63.
  • O’Brien, E. J. (1985). Global self-esteem scales: unidimensional or multidimensional? Psychological Reports, 57, 383-389.
  • Owens, T. J. (1994). Two dimensions of self-esteem. American Sociological Review, 59, 391-407.
  • Pliner, P., Chaiken, S. y Flett, G. L. (1990). Gender differences in concern with body weight and physical appearance over the life span. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 263-273.
  • Quillin, J., Besing, S. y Dinning, D. (1977). Standardization of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 418-422.
  • Rasmussen, M. K. y Pidgeon, A. M. (2011). The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24, 227-233.
  • Rathus, S. A. (1973). A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy, 4, 398-406.
  • Ritter, V., Ertel, C., Beil, K., Steffens, M. C. y Stangier, U. (2013). In the presence of social threat: implicit and explicit self-esteem in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 1101-1109.
  • Ritter, V., Leichsenrin, F., Strauss, B. M. y Stangier, U. (2013) Changes in implicit and explicit self-esteem following cognitive and psychodynamic therapy in social anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 547-558.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1962). The association between self-esteem and anxiety. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1, 135-152.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
  • Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C. y Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60, 141-156.
  • Schreiber, F., Bohn, C., Aderka, I. M., Stangier, U. y Steil, R. (2012). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem among adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 1074-1081.
  • Seema, G. B. y Venkatesh Kumar, G. (2017). Self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescent students. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 435-438.
  • Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J. y Stanton, G. C. (1976). Self-concept: validation of construct interpretation. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407-441.
  • Skolnick, P. y Shaw, J. I. (1970). Brief note on the reliability of the Janis and Field “Feelings of Inadequacy” Scale. Psychological Reports, 27, 732-734.
  • Sun, X. L. y Wu, M. Z. (2011). Chinese Relationships between self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, interpersonal trust and social anxiety of undergraduates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, 537-539.
  • Tan, J., Lo, P., Ge, N. y Chu, C. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and social anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students. Social Behavior and Personality, 44, 1297-1304.
  • Tomás, J. M. y Oliver, A. (1999). Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale: two factors or method effects. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 84-98.
  • Van Tuinen, M. y Ramanaiah, N. V. (1979). A multimethod analysis of selected self-esteem measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 16-24.
  • Watson, P. y Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet