Aplicación del Láser Escáner Terrestre (TLS) y de modelos matemáticos para la modelización de conos de derrubios en la alta montaña templada

Abstract

Debris cones are a very common landform in temperate high mountains, being one of the most representative examples of the periglacial and nival processes. This article analyzes two debris cones (Cone A and Cone B) located in “La Vueltona” in Picos de Europa. Their evolution was measured uninterruptedly throughout each August for 10 years (2009–2018) using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technique. The observations and calculations of the two debris cones were treated independently, but both showed the same behavior. Material falls onto the cones from the walls, and transfer of sediments follows linear trajectories according to the maximum slope. In order to understand the linear evolution of the two debris cones, profiles were created along the maximum slope lines of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 2009, and these profile lines were extrapolated to the remaining years of measurement. In addition, the statistical predictive value for position (Z) in year 2018 was calculated for the same planimetric position (X,Y) throughout the profiles of maximum slopes. To do so, the real field data from 2009-2017 were interpolated and used to form a sample of curves. These curves are interpreted as the realization of a functional random variable that can be predicted using statistical techniques. The predictive curve obtained was compared with the 2018 field data. The results of both coordinates (Z), the real field data and the statistical data are coherent, within the margin of error of the data collection. As an interpretation of this study, it can be indicated that the behavior of the two debris cones of La Vueltona has an undulating dynamic along the maximum slope line, which allows to calculate statistically its evolution in a short period of time.