La influencia de los relatos audiovisuales desnarrativizantes en la desestructuración del pensamientoUna forma de violencia social

  1. Bermejo Berros, Jesús
Revista:
Prisma Social: revista de investigación social

ISSN: 1989-3469

Año de publicación: 2010

Número: 4

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Prisma Social: revista de investigación social

Resumen

Los resultados de una investigación con niños de 5 a 12 años, nos ha permitido poner en evidencia la existencia de dos tipos de relatos audiovisuales. Uno, que denominamos narrativizante, contribuye favorablemente a la formación de estructuras cognitivas del pensamiento narrativo en la infancia. Por el contrario, existe un segundo tipo de relato, desnarrativizante, que induce en el niño una desestructuración de su pensamiento. En los últimos años, este segundo tipo de relato ha ido aumentando progresivamente su presencia en las parrillas de programación televisiva, en detrimento de los relatos narrativizantes. La exposición reiterada del niño a estos relatos desnarrativizantes hace que la construcción de su realidad mental y social, se vea distorsionada. Esto constituye, como se argumenta en el artículo, una nueva forma de violencia social.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ACKERMANN-VALLADAO, E. (1987) Que deviennent les idées à propos d’un phénomène une fois retraduites à travers différents médias? Archives de Psychologie, 55, 195-218.
  • ANDERSON,C.A Y BUSHMAN,B.J (2001) Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological-Science. Sep; Vol 12(5)353-359.
  • ANDISON, F.S. (1977) TV violence and viewer aggressiveness: A cumulation of study results. Public Opinion Quaterly, vol 41, 324-331
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (1989). Les degrés d’activations des schèmes dans l’activité cognitive de l’enfant. Thèse de Doctorat. Université de Paris VIII.
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2000). Relatos audiovisuales y niveles de representación en el niño. En Francisco García y Tomás de Andrés (Eds.). La representación del niño en los medios de comunicación. Huerga & Fierro Editores. 159-187
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2005 a). Narrativa Audiovisual. Investigación y Aplicaciones. Madrid, Ediciones Pirámide.
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2005 b). Hombre y Pensamiento. El giro narrativo en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Madrid, Ediciones del Laberinto
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2006 a). Mi hijo y la televisión. Madrid, Editorial Pirámide
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2006 b). Televisión e Infancia: Autorregulación ineficaz. En Bernardo Díaz Nosty y José Fernández Beaumont. Medios de comunicación: el año de la televisión. Tendencias 2006. Fundación Telefónica. Madrid. 281-285
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2007). Génération télévision. La relation controversée de l’enfant avec la télévision. Bruxelles / Paris : Ed. DeBoeck Université. Colección Culture & Communication
  • BERMEJO BERROS, J. (2008). Mon enfant et la télévision. Bruxelles / Paris: Ed. DeBoeck Université. Colección Parentalité.
  • BREMOND, C. (1973). Logique du récit. Paris, Ed. Du Seuil.
  • BUSHMAN, B. J. & HUESMANN, L. R. (2001). Effects of Televised Violence on Aggression. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds). The handbook of children and the media. Sage, Thousand Oaks.
  • BOYATZIS,-CHRIS-J; MATILLO,-GINA-M; NESBITT,-KRISTEN-M (1995) Effects of the "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" on children's aggression with peers. Child-StudyJournal. Vol 25(1): 45-55
  • CAIRNS, E. (1990) Impact of television news exposure on children’s perceptions of violence in Northern Ireland. Journal of Social Psychology Aug. Vol. 130(4) 447-452.
  • CENTERWALL, B.S.(1994) Television and the deveopment of the superego: Pathways to violence. In C.Chiland, J.G.Young y D.Kaplan (Eds) Children and violence. The child in the family. Jason Aronson, Inc., Northwale, NJ. Pp 178-197.
  • CESARONE, B. (1998) Television Violence and Children. Childhood-Education; fall v75(1) p56-58.
  • CHATMAN, S. (1990). Historia y discurso. Estructura narrativa en la novela y en el cine. Madrid: Taurus
  • COMSTOCK, G.(1986) Television and film violence. In S.J.Apter y A.P.Goldstein (Eds) Youth violence: Programs and prospects. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Pp.178-218.
  • COMSTOCK, G.C. Y STRASBURGER, V.C. (1993) Media violence: Q and A. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, vol 4, 495-509.
  • CROWELL, D.H., EVANS, I.M.,O’DONNELL, C.R. (Eds)(1987) Childhood aggression and violence: Sources of influence prevention and control. Plenum Press, New York.
  • DERKSEN, D. J.; STRASBURGER, V. C (1996) Media and television violence: Effects on violence, aggression, and antisocial behaviors in children. In A.M. Hoffman, (Ed). Schools, violence, and society. Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc; Westport, CT, US. pp. 61-77.
  • DUBOW, E.F. Y MILLER, L.S. (1996) Television violence viewing and aggressive behavior. In M. MacBeth (Ed) Tuning in to young viewers: Social science perspectives on television Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Pp 117-147.
  • DUHS, L.A. Y GUNTOR, R.J. (1988) TV violence and childhood aggression: A curmudgeon’s guide. Australian Psychologist Jul. Vol 23(2) 183-195
  • ELEEY, M.F., GERBNER, G. Y SIGNORIELLI, N.(1972) Apples, oranges, and the kitchen sink: An analysis and guide to the comparison of “violence ratings”. Journal of Broadcasting. 17, 21-31.
  • ELKAMEL, F.(1995) The use of television series in health education. Health Education Research. Jun Vol 10(2) 225-232.
  • ERON, L.D., HUESMANN, L.R., LEFKOWITZ, M.M., WALDER, L.O. (1996) Does television violence cause aggression? In D.F. Greenberg (Ed.) Criminal careers. Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited, Aldershot, England. Pp 31-321.
  • FESHBACH, N. (1988) Television and the development of empathy. Applied Social Psychology Annual, Vol 8 261-269.
  • GARCÍA JIMÉNEZ, J (1993) Narrativa Audiovisual. Madrid. Cátedra
  • GARCÍA GARCÍA, F. y otros (2006). Narrativa Audiovisual: televisiva, fílmica, radiofónica, hipermedia y publicitaria. Madrid. Laberinto Comunicación.
  • GEEN, R.G. (1994) Television and aggression: Recent developments in research and theory. In D.Zillmann, J.Bryant y A.C. Huston (Eds) Media, children and the family. LEA, Hillsdale, NJ.
  • GERBNER, G. (1993). Violence in cable-originated television programs. Philadelphia. PA: Annenberg School for Communication.
  • HEAROLD, S, (1986). A synthesis of 1043 effects of television on social behavior. In G. Comstock (Ed.). Public Communication and Behavior (Vol.1). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
  • HSIEH,-HSU-CHOU (1998) The effect of cartoon and noncartoon violence on aggression by Taiwanese school children. Dissertation-Abstracts-International-SectionA:-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences. Jul; Vol 57(1-A). 1-15
  • HUESMANN, L.R. Y MILLER, L.S. (1994) Long term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood. In L.R. Huesmann (Ed) Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives. Plenum Press, New York. Pp 153-186.
  • HUESMANN, L. R.; MILLER, L. S. (1994) Long-term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood. In L.R. Huesmann (Ed). Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives. Plenum Press New York pp. 153-186
  • HUGHES, J.N. Y HASBROUCK, J.E. (1996) Television violence: Implications for violence prevention. School Psychology Review Vol 25(2) 134-151.
  • HUSTON, A.C.; DONNERSTEIN,E.; FAIRCHILD, H.; FESHBACH, N.D.; KATZ, P.A. MURRAY, J.P., RUBINSTEIN, E.A., WILCOX, B.L. Y ZUCKERMAN, D. (1992) Big world, small screen: The role of television in American society. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • KRCMAR, M. (1998) The Contribution of Family Communication Patterns to Children's Interpretations of Television Violence. Journal-of-Broadcasting-and-Electronic-Media; Spr v42(2) pp250-64.
  • KRCMAR, M. Y VALKENBURG, P. M. (1999) A scale to assess children's moral interpretations of justified and unjustified violence and its relationship to television viewing. Communication- Research Oct; Vol 26(5): 608-634.
  • LAZAR, B.A.(1994) Why social work should care: Television violence and children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Feb. Vol 11(1) 3-19.
  • MIDDLETON, Y.; VANTERPOOL, S.M. (1999) TV Cartoons: Do Children Think They Are Real?. EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
  • MOLITOR, F. Y HIRSCH, K.W. (1994). Children’s toleration of real-life aggression after exposure to media violence: A replication of the Drabman and Thomas studies. Child Study Journal. Vol. 24(3) 191-207.
  • PAIK, H.J. (1991) The effects of television violence on aggressive behavior: A metaanalysis Doctoral dissertation. Syracuse University, New York.
  • PALERMO, G.B.(1995) Adolescent criminal behavior: Is TV violence one of the culprits?. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Spr. Vol 39(1) 11-22
  • PEARL, D.(1987) Familiar, peer, and television influences on aggressive and violent behavior. In D.H.Crowell, I.M.Evans, y C.R. O’Donnell (Eds). Childhood aggression and violence: Sources of influence, prevention and control. Plenum Press, New York. Pp 231-247.
  • SANMARTÍN, J., GRISOLÍA, J.S. Y GRISOLÍA, S. (Eds.) (1998). Violencia, televisión y cine. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • SANMARTÍN, J. (Coord.) (2004). El laberinto de la violencia. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • SANSON, A. Y MUCCIO, C. Di (1993) The influence of aggressive and neutral cartoons and toys on the behavior of preschool children. Australian Psychologist Ju. Vol 28(2) 93-99.
  • SCHEUNGRAB, M.(1990) The representation of relationships between the consumption of media and delinquency within the scope of different models analysing causality. Archiv-fur-Psychologie Vol 142(4) 295-322.
  • SIGNORIELLI, N., GERBNER, G. Y MORGAN, M.(1995) Violence on Television: The cultural Indicators Project. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media Spring, pp278- 283.
  • SIGNORIELLI, N., GROSS, L. Y MORGAN, M. (1982) Violence in television programs: Ten years later. In D.Pearl, L. Bourthilet y J. Lazar (Eds). Television and social behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties. DHHS Publications, Washington, DC. Pp 158 173.
  • SIMMONS, B. J.; STALSWORTH, K.; WENTZEL, H. (1999) Television Violence and Its Effect on Young Children. Early-Childhood-Education-Journal; Spr v26 (3) pp 149-53.
  • SINGER, J.L. Y SINGER, D.G. (1988) Some hazards of growing up in a television environment: Children’s aggression and restlessness. Applied Social Psychology Annual Vol 8 171-188.
  • STRASBURGER, V.C. (1995) Adolescents and the Media. Medical and Psychological Impact. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • TULLOCH, M.I. Y TULLOCH, J.C.(1992) Attitudes to domestic violence: School student’s responses to a television drama. Australian Journal of Marriage and Family, Jul Vol 13(2) 62-69.
  • VALKENBURG, P.M Y VAN DER VOORT, T.H.A. (1995) The influence of television on children’s daydreaming styles: A 1-year panel study. Communication Research. Jun Vol 22(3) 267-287.
  • WALKER, K.B Y MORLEY, D.D.(1991) Attitudes and parental factors as intervening variables in the television violence-aggression relation. Communication Research Reports, Jun-Dec Vol 8(1-2) 41-47.
  • WIEGMAN, O., KUTTSCHREUTER, M., BAARDA, B.(1986) Television viewing related to aggressive and prosocial behavior. University of Twente, Enschede, Holanda.
  • WIEGMAN, O, KUTTSCHREUTER, M. Y BAARDA, B. (1992) A longitudinal study of the effects of television viewing on aggressive and prosocial behaviours. British Journal of Social Psychology, Jun Vol 31(2) 147-164.
  • WILLIAMS, T.B. (Ed) (1986) The impact of television: A natural experiment in three communities, Academic Press, New York.
  • WILLIS, D.J. Y SILOVSKY, J. (1998) Prevention of violence at the societal level. In P.K. Trickett y C.J.Schellenbach. Violence against children in the family and the community. American Psychological Association. Xi, Washington, DC, pp. 401-416.
  • WOBER, M.(1992) Violence and appreciation: The broken chain. Medienpsychologie Zeitschrift fur Individual and Massenkommunikation Mar Vol 4(1) 15-24.
  • WOOD, W, WONG, F Y CHACHERE, J (1991) Effects of media violence on viewers’ aggression in unconstrained social interaction. Psychological Bulletin vol 109, 371-383
  • WOODARD I. (1999) By all means, consume!: A multi-method investigation of the relationship between television, consumerism, and criminal behavior. Humanities-andSocial-Sciences. Jun; Vol 59(11-A): 4001.