Study on the social consideration of women in athleticsRepeating the stereotypes of gender of the 21st century

  1. Carmen Rodríguez Fernandez
  2. Jonathan Ospina-Betancur
Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Any de publicació: 2022

Número: 44

Pàgines: 542-550

Tipus: Article

Altres publicacions en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resum

If we try to focus on the analysis and understanding of females in the world of sports, particularly female athletes, we face major challenges. The main objective of this work is to analyse the gender stereotypes regarding the social consideration of women in athletics. The sample is made up of 362 undergraduate students of three universities in Andalusia, Spain. Nowadays, despite the progress made in recent years, women continue to be discriminated against in sports generally, and in high-performance sports specifically. 31.4% the response presented a gender stereotyping towards the assertion that athletic clubs and federations do not have more women coaches because they do not trust their dedication and performance. 31.9% of the students responded that male competitions provide more entertainment than female competitions.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Adá Lameiras A. (2019). Invisibilización de la mujer deportista en el twitter de los medios deportivos. Comunicación y género 2(1): 33-46 DOI: 10.5209/CGEN.64460
  • Alvarez Litke, M. (2018). Marcando la cancha: una aproximación al fútbol femenino desde las ciencias sociales. Cuestiones De sociología (18), e055. DOI: 10.24215/23468904e055
  • Alvesson M, & Willmott H. (2012). Making sense of management: A critical introduction (2a ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Bruce T. (2015). New Rules for New Times: Sportswomen and Media Representation in the Third Wave. Sex Roles 74(7-8): 361-376 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0497-6
  • Brullet Tenas C. (1996). Roles e identidades de género. In García de León MA, García de Cortázar M, and Ortega F. (Eds.) Sociología de las mujeres españolas. Madrid: Editorial Complutense, pp. 273-308
  • Burton LJ, Borland J, & Mazerolle SM. (2012). “They cannot seem to get past the gender issue”: Experiences of young female athletic trainers in NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review 15(3): 304-317 DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2012.01.001
  • CAA & HACA (2014). Declaración de la RIRM para promoción de la igualdad de género y la lucha contra los estereotipos sexistas. Consejo audiovisual de Andalucía.
  • Consejo Audiovisual de Andalucía (2008). Estudio sobre género y deporte en televisión.
  • Darvin L, Pegoraro A, & Berri D. (2018). Are men better leaders? An investigation of head coaches’ gender and individual players’ performance in amateur and professional women’s basketball. Sex Roles 78: 455-466 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0815-2
  • Felshin J. (1974). The triple option… For women in sport. Quest 21(1): 36-40 DOI: 10.1080/00336297.1974.10519789
  • Flores Fernandez, Z. (2019). Mujer y deporte en México. Hacia una igualdad sustancial. Women and sport in México. Towards a substantive equality. Retos 37: 222-226. DOI: 10.47197/retos.v37i37.71684
  • Flores Paredes, A., & Amaru Maquera, Y. (2021). Influencias socioculturales que enfrenta la mujer futbolista en el departamento de Puno (Sociocultural influences faced by female soccer players in the department of Puno). Retos 43: 968-978. DOI: 10.47197/retos.v43i0.89798
  • Fullagar S, & Toohey K. (2009). Introduction to gender and sport management special issue: Challenges and changes. Sport Management Review 12(4): 199-201 DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2009.09.001
  • George D, & Mallery P. (2003). Frequencies. SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.0 Update. (4a ed.). Boston: Ally & Bacon.
  • Gomez-Gonzalez C, Dietl H, & Nesseler C. (2018). Does performance justify the underrepresentation of women coaches? Evidence from professional women’s soccer. Sport Management Review 22(5): 640-651 DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2018.09.008
  • Greenhill J, Auld C, Cuskelly G, & Hooper S. (2009). The impact of organisational factors on career pathways for female coaches. Sport Management Review 12(4): 229-240 DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2009.03.002
  • Hall MA. (1978). Sport and gender: A feminist perspective on the sociology of sport. Calgary, Canada. University of Calgary.
  • Hartzell AC, & Dixon MA. (2019). A Holistic Perspective on Women’s Career Pathways in Athletics Administration. Journal of Sport Management 33(2): 79-92 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2018-0127
  • Haro Navejas FJ. (2007). Al asalto del Olimpo: deporte, identidad y género en la República Popular China. Estudios de Asia y África 42(1): 51-75 DOI: jstor.org/stable/40313677
  • Humberstone B, & Pedersen K. (2001). Gender, class and outdoor traditions in the UK and Norway. Sport, Education and Society 6(1): 23-33 DOI: 10.1080/713696039
  • Martín Horcajo M. (2006). Contribución del feminismo de la diferencia sexual a los análisis de género en el deporte. Revista Internacional de Sociología 64(44): 111-131 DOI: 10.3989/ris.2006.i44.30
  • Norman L. (2010). Bearing the burden of doubt: Female coaches' experiences of gender relations. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 81(4): 506-517 DOI: 10.5641/027013610X13088600029535
  • Norman L. (2014). A crisis of confidence: women coaches' responses to their engagement in resistance. Sport, Education and Society 19(5): 532-551 DOI: 10.1080/13573322.2012.689975
  • LaFountaine, J., & Kamphoff, C. S. (2016). Coaching boys’ high school teams: Female coaches’ experiences and perceptions. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 11(1) 27–38. DOI: 10.1177/1747954115624815
  • Parratt C. (1994). From the History of Women in Sport. In Costa, M., & Guthrie, S. R. (Eds), Women and Sport: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, pp. 5-14
  • Romney M, & Johnson RG. (2019). The ball game is for the boys: the visual framing of female athletes on national sports networks’ Instagram accounts. Communication & Sport 1-19 DOI: 10.1177/2167479519836731
  • Shaw S, & Allen JB. (2009). The experiences of high performance women coaches: A case study of two Regional Sport Organisations. Sport Management Review 12(4): 217-228 DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2009.03.005
  • Struna NL. (1984). Beyond mapping experience: The need for understanding the history of American Sporting Women. Journal of Sport History 11(1): 120-133
  • Valcárcel A, & de Quirós B. (1997). La política de las mujeres (Vol. 38). Valencia, Spain. Universitat de València.
  • Walker NA, and Sartore-Baldwin ML. (2013). Hegemonic masculinity and the institutionalized bias toward women in men's collegiate basketball: What do men think? Journal of Sport Management 27(4): 303-315 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.27.4.303
  • Wicker, P., Cunningham, G. B., & Fields, D. (2019). Head coach changes in women’s college soccer: An investigation of women coaches through the lenses of gender stereotypes and the glass cliff. Sex Roles 81(11-12), 797–807. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-01022-2