Mindfulness en perspectiva

  1. Antonio Santachita 1
  2. Martín L. Vargas 1
  1. 1 Complejo Asistencial de Segovia. Servicio de Psiquiatría
Revista:
Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

ISSN: 0211-5735

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 35

Número: 127

Páginas: 541-553

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S0211-57352015000300007 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

Resumen

El Midfulness (Mf) es un tipo de psicoterapia basada en el budismo y que tiene un uso creciente en trastornos de ansiedad, afectivos y por dolor. Una de sus principales técnicas es la focalización de la atención en el momento presente. Al tener una fundamentación explícita en las prácticas espirituales budistas, y al proceder de un entorno cultural oriental, su aplicación clínica debe buscar mecanismos para facilitar su encaje. Se realiza una revisión narrativa con el objetivo de proporcionar la integración del Mf con otras técnicas de psicoterapia. Se clarifican concretamente: 1) los orígenes budistas comunes al Mf y a otras formas de psicoterapia y 2) la integración del conocimiento sobre los mecanismos neurobiológicos del Mf en los actuales modelos de neurociencia. Se concluye que el Mf puede integrarse con otros programas psicoterapéuticos y que sus postulados son falsables en el diálogo científico actual con la neurociencia clínica.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • (1) Marchand, WR. Mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and Zen meditation for depression, anxiety, pain, and psychological distress. J Psychiatr Pract. 2013;18(4):233-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt =Citation&list_uids=22805898
  • (2) Paul NA, Stanton SJ, Greeson JM, Smoski MJ, Wang L. Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):56-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Cit ation&list_uids=22717383
  • (3) Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr;78(2):169-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_ uids=20350028
  • (4) Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982;4(1):33-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db= PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7042457
  • (5) Morone NE, Greco CM, Weiner DK. Mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults: a randomized controlled pilot study. Pain. 2008;134(3):310-9. http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17544212
  • (6) Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults. NICE clinical guideline 90. 2009. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG90/NICEGuidance/pdf/English.
  • (7) Parikh SV, Segal ZV, Grigoriadis S, Ravindran AV, Kennedy SH, Lam RW, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. J Affect Disord. 2009;117(1):15-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19682749
  • (8) Baer RA, Carmody J, Hunsinger M. Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Clin Psychol. 2012 Jul;68(7):755-65.
  • (9) Ludwig DS, Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness in medicine. Jama. 2008;300(11): 1350-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_ uids=18799450
  • (10) Soler J, Tejedor R, Feliu-Soler A, Pascual JC, Cebolla A, Soriano J, et al. Psychometric proprieties of Spanish version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2012;40(1):19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt= Citation&list_uids=22344492
  • (11) Goleman D. La meditación y los estados superiores de consciencia. 2nd ed. Buenos Aires: Sirio, 1997.
  • (12) Herbert JD, Forman EM. Acceptance and Mindfulness in Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Understanding and Applying New Theories. 1st ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. 2011.
  • (13) Varo Baena A. María Zambrano: la poesía de la razón. 1st ed. Córdoba: Andrómina. 2006.
  • (14) Safranski R. Romanticismo: Una odisea del espíritu alemán. 1st ed. Barcelona: Tusquets. 2012.
  • (15) Schopenhauer A. El mundo como voluntad y representación. 1st ed. Madrid: Alianza. 2010.
  • (16) Schopenhauer A. El amor, las mujeres y la muerte. Buenos Aires: Edaf. 2001.
  • (17) Nietzsche F. Aurora. 1st ed. Madrid: Libsa. 2001.
  • (18) Nietzsche F. Asi habló Zaratustra. 1st Ed. Madrid: Edaf. 2010.
  • (19) Onfray M. Freud: El crepúsculo de un ídolo. 1st ed. Madrid: Taurus. 2011.
  • (20) Freud S. El malestar de la cultura. 1st ed. Madrid: Alianza. 2010.
  • (21) Shakya FG. Buddhism and Psychotherapy: A Perspective. 2009 http://www.hsuyun.org/ index.php/essays/essays-from-clergy/byfagong/276-psychotherapy.html.
  • (22) Ricard M, Thuan TX. El infinito en la palma de la mano. 1st ed. Madrid: Urano. 2001.
  • (23) Fromm E. El arte de amar. 1st ed. Barcelona: Paidos Iberica. 2007.
  • (24) Maslow A. Motivación y personalidad. 1st ed. Madrid: Díaz De Santos. 1991.
  • (25) Williams M, Pemman D. Mindfulness: Guía práctica para encontrar la paz en un mundo frenético. 1st ed. Barcelona: Paidos Iberiva. 2013.
  • (26) Leung MK, Chan CC, Yin J, Lee CF, So KF, Lee TM. Increased gray matter volume in the right angular and posterior parahippocampal gyri in loving-kindness meditators. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):34-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Med&dopt=Citation&list_uids=22814662
  • (27) Kang DH, Jo HJ, Jung WH, Kim SH, Jung YH, Choi CH, et al. The effect of meditation on brain structure: cortical thickness mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):27-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&do pt=Citation&list_uids=22569185
  • (28) Slagter HA, Lutz A, Greischar LL, Francis AD, Nieuwenhuis S, Davis JM, et al. Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources. PLoS Biol. 2007 Jun;6:e138.
  • (29) Taylor VA, Daneault V, Grant J, Scavone G, Breton E, Roffe-Vidal S, et al. Impact of meditation training on the default mode network during a restful state. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013;8(1):4-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=C itation&list_uids=22446298
  • (30) Teper R, Inzlicht M. Meditation, mindfulness and executive control: the importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013;8(1):85-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt= Citation&list_uids=22507824
  • (31) Lutz A, Greischar LL, Rawlings NB, Ricard M, Davidson RJ, et al. Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(46):16369-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed &dopt=Citation&list_uids=15534199
  • (32) Tang YY, Posner MI. Tools of the trade: theory and method in mindfulness neuroscience. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):118-20.
  • (33) Lutz A, McFarlin DR, Perlman DM, Salomons TV, Davidson RJ. Altered anterior insula activation during anticipation and experience of painful stimuli in expert meditators. Neuroimage. 2013 Jan 1;64:538-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=C itation&list_uids=23000783
  • (34) Liu X, Wang S, Chang S, Chen W, Si M. Effect of Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Tolerance and Distress of Pain Induced by Cold-Pressor Task. Stress Health. 2013 Aug;29(3):199-204.
  • (35) Glück TM, Maercker A. A randomized controlled pilot study of a brief web-based mindfulness training.” BMC Psychiatry. 2011;8(11):175. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fc gi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=22067058
  • (36) Revel JF, Ricard M. El monje y el filósofo. 1st ed. Barcelona: Urano. 2010.
  • (37) Tucker JB. Children’s reports of past-life memories: a review. Explore (NY). 2008;4(4):244-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt= Citation&list_uids=18602617
  • (38) Van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I, et al. Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet. 2001 Dec;358(9298):203945. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&li st_uids=11755611
  • (39) Greyson B. Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2003;25(4):269-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&d b=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12850659
  • (40) Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P, et al. A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors.” Resuscitation. 2001 Feb;48(2): 149-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed& dopt=Citation&list_uids=11426476
  • (41) Facco E, Agrillo C. Near-death experiences between science and prejudice.Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jul;6:209. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed &dopt=Citation&list_uids=22826697
  • (42) Sartori P. Understanding the subjective experiences and needs of patients as they approach death. Nurs Times. 2010 Sep;106(37):14-6.
  • (43) Blanke O, Landis T, Spinelli L, Seeck M. Out-of-body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin. Brain. 2004 Feb;127(Pt 2):243-58 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi ?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14662516
  • (44) Blanke O, Metzinger T. Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13(1):7-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubM ed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19058991
  • (45) Blanke O, Ortigue S, Landis T, Seeck M. Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions. Nature. 2002;419(6904):269-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P ubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12239558
  • (46) De Ridder D, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Menovsky T, Van de Heyning P. Visualizing outof-body experience in the brain. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(18):1829-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17978291
  • (47) Damasio AR. The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1996;351(1346):1413-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8941953
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet