Independent versus non-independent outside directors in European companieswho has a say on CEO compensation?

  1. Pablo de Andrés 1
  2. Laura Arranz-Aperte 12
  3. Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Sanz 3
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

  2. 2 Hanken School of Economics
    info

    Hanken School of Economics

    Helsinki, Finlandia

    ROR https://ror.org/026086s92

  3. 3 Universidad de Valladolid
    info

    Universidad de Valladolid

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01fvbaw18

Revista:
Business Research Quarterly

ISSN: 2340-9444 2340-9436

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 20

Número: 2

Páginas: 79-95

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.BRQ.2017.02.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Business Research Quarterly

Resumen

Nuestro estudio revela cómo dos dimensiones separadas de la composición de la junta (la proporción de directores independientes y de directores no independientes) influyen en la compensación de los directores ejecutivos en las empresas de Europa occidental. Controlando la determinación simultánea de la estructura salarial de los CEO y el diseño de la junta, encontramos que las empresas con una mayor proporción de personas externas no independientes en sus juntas pagan menos compensación directa (salario + bonificación) y menos compensación vinculada a la equidad a sus CEO. Por el contrario, los directores ejecutivos que trabajan para empresas con consejos más independientes reciben más remuneración basada en acciones. Cuando controlamos por el hecho de que las acciones vinculadas no se otorgan sistemáticamente en Europa, encontramos que las empresas con más directores independientes en el consejo tienden a otorgar compensaciones vinculadas a las acciones con más frecuencia que las empresas con más directores externos no independientes.

Información de financiación

Sandra Sizer and Alisa Larson for editorial assistance. Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants ECO2012-32554 and ECO2014-56102-P) and from the Santander Financial Institute (APIE Num. 2/2015-2017) are gratefully acknowledged

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adams, R., Ferreira, D., The theory of friendly boards. J. Finance 62:1 (2007), 217–250.
  • Aguilera, R.V., Jackson, G., The cross-national diversity of corporate governance: dimensions and determinants. Acad. Manage. Rev. 28:3 (2003), 447–465.
  • Almazan, A., Hartzell, J.C., Starks, L.T., Active institutional shareholders and the costs of monitoring: evidence from executive compensation. Finance Manage. 34:4 (2005), 5–34.
  • Baranchuk, N., Dybvig, P., Consensus in diverse corporate boards. Rev. Finance Stud. 22:2 (2009), 715–747.
  • Bebchuck, A.L., Fried, J.M., Executive compensation as an agency problem. J. Econ. Perspect. 17:3 (2003), 71–92.
  • Bebchuck, L.A., Fried, J.M., Pay without performance: overview of the issues. J. Appl. Corporate Finance 17:4 (2005), 8–23.
  • Bebchuk, L.A., Fried, J.M., Walker, D.I., Managerial power and rent extraction in the design of executive compensation. Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 69 (2002), 751–846.
  • Becker, B., Wealth and executive compensation. J. Finance 61:1 (2006), 379–397.
  • Bhagat, S., Black, B., The non-correlation between board independence and long-term firm performance. J. Corporate Law 27 (2002), 231–273.
  • Boone, A.L., Field, L.C., Karpoff, J.M., Raheja, C.R., The determinants of corporate board size and composition: an empirical analysis. J. Financial Econ. 85 (2007), 66–101.
  • Cheng, S., Firth, M., Ownership, corporate governance and top management pay in Hong Kong. Corporate Governance: Int. Rev. 13 (2005), 291–302.
  • Chhaochharia, V., Grinstein, Y., CEO compensation and board structure. J. Finance 64:1 (2009), 231–261.
  • Chung, H.J., Board independence and CEO incentives. SSRN Working Paper 1361149, 2008.
  • Coles, J.L., Lemmon, M.L., Wang, Y., The join determinants of managerial ownership, board independence and firm performance. SSRN Working Paper 1089758, 2008.
  • Coles, J.L., Daniel, N.D., Naveen, L., Boards: does one size fit all?. J. Financial Econ. 87:2 (2008), 329–356.
  • Core, J.E., Holthausen, R.W., Larcker, D.F., Corporate governance, chief executive officer compensation and firm performance. J. Financial Econ. 51 (1999), 371–406.
  • Davila, T., Peñalva, F., Corporate governance and the weighting of performance measures in CEO compensation. Rev. Account. Stud. 11:4 (2006), 463–493.
  • Fahlenbach, R., Shareholder rights, boards and CEO compensation. Rev. Finance 13:1 (2009), 11–81.
  • Fahlenbrach, R., Stulz, R.M., Bank CEO incentives and the credit crisis. J. Financial Econ. 99 (2011), 11–26.
  • Fernandes, N., Ferreira, M.A., Matos, P., Murphy, K.J., Are U.S. CEOs paid more? New international evidence. Rev. Financial Stud. 26 (2013), 323–367.
  • Gabaix, X., Landier, A., Why has CEO pay increased so much. Quart. J. Econ., 2008, 49–100.
  • Gabaix, X., Landier, A., Sauvagnat, J., CEO pay and firm size. Econ. J. 124:574 (2014), 40–59.
  • Gonzalez, A., Andre, P., Board effectiveness and short termism. J. Business Finance Account. 41:1–2 (2014), 185–209.
  • Guest, P.M., The determinants of board size and composition: evidence from the UK. J. Corporate Finance 14 (2008), 51–72.
  • Guthrie, K., Sokolowsky, J., Wang, K., CEO compensation and board structure revisited. J. Finance 67:3 (2012), 1149–1168.
  • Gutierrez, M., Sáez, M., Deconstructing independent directors. ECGI Law Working Paper N°.186/2012, 2012.
  • Hansen, J.L., A Scandinavian approach to corporate governance. Scand. Stud. Law 50 (2007), 125–142.
  • Harris, A., Raviv, A., A theory of board control and size. Rev. Financial Stud. 21:8 (2008), 1797–1832.
  • Hartzell, J.C., Starks, L.T., Institutional investors and executive compensation. J. Finance 58:6 (2003), 2351–2374.
  • Heckman, J.J., Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 47 (1979), 153–161.
  • Hermalin, B.E., Weisbach, M.S., Board of directors as an endogenously determined institution. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Econ. Pol. Rev. 9 (2003), 1–20.
  • Holmstrom, B.R., Milgrom, P., Multitask principal-agent analyses: incentive contracts, assets ownership and job design. J. Law Econ. Org. 7 (1991), 24–32.
  • Holmstrom, B.R., Milgrom, P., The firm as an incentive system. Am. Econ. Rev. 84:4 (1994), 972–991.
  • Holmstrom, B., Kaplan, S., The state of US corporate governance. What's right and what's wrong?. J. Appl. Corporate Govern. 15:3 (2003), 8–20.
  • Kim, K.A., Kitsabunnarat-Chatjuthamard, P., Nofsinger, J.R., Large shareholders, board independence, and minority shareholder rights: evidence from Europe. J. Corporate Finance 13 (2007), 859–880.
  • Kumar, P., Sivaramakrishnan, K., Who monitors the monitor? The effect of board independence on executive compensation and firm value. Rev. Financial Stud. 21:3 (2008), 1371–1401.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., The economic consequences of legal origins. J. Econ. Lit. 46:2 (2008), 285–332.
  • Lasfer, M.A., The interrelationship between managerial ownership and board structure. J. Bus. Finance Account. 33 (2006), 1006–1033.
  • Linck, J., Netter, J., Yang, T., The determinants of board structure. J. Financial Econ. 87 (2008), 208–328.
  • Linck, J.S., Netter, J.M., Yang, T., The effects and unintended consequences of the Sarbanex–Oxley Act on the supply and demand for directors. Rev. Financial Stud. 22:8 (2009), 3287–3328.
  • Masulis, R., Mobbs, S., Are all inside directors the same? Evidence from the external directorship market. J. Finance 66:3 (2011), 823–872.
  • Murphy, K.J., Zabojnik, J., CEO pay and appointments: a market based explanation for recent trends. Am. Econ. Rev. 94:2 (2004), 192–196.
  • Ozerturk, S., Board independence and CEO pay. Econ. Lett. 88 (2005), 260–265.
  • Prendergast, C., The tedious trade-off between risk and incentives. J. Pol. Econ. 110:5 (2002), 1071–1102.
  • Raheja, C., Determinants of board size and composition: a theory of corporate boards. J. Financial Quant. Anal. 40 (2005), 283–305.
  • Ryan, H., Wiggings, R., Who is in whose pockets? Director compensation, board independence and barriers to effective monitoring. J. Financial Econ. 73 (2004), 497–524.
  • Schleifer, A., Vishny, R., Large shareholders and corporate control. J. Pol. Econ. 94:3 (1986), 461–488.
  • Wagner, A., Board independence and competence. J. Financial Intermed. 20:1 (2011), 71–93.