Bullying, un problema moral: representaciones de sí mismo y desconexiones morales

  1. Paulino Tognetta, Luciene Regina 1
  2. Avilés Martínez, José María 2
  3. Sales Luis da Fonseca Rosário, Pedro José 3
  1. 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista
    info

    Universidade Estadual Paulista

    São Paulo, Brasil

    ROR https://ror.org/00987cb86

  2. 2 Universidad de Valladolid
    info

    Universidad de Valladolid

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01fvbaw18

  3. 3 Universidade do Minho
    info

    Universidade do Minho

    Braga, Portugal

    ROR https://ror.org/037wpkx04

Revista:
Revista de educación

ISSN: 0034-8082

Año de publicación: 2016

Número: 373

Páginas: 9-34

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2016-373-319 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de educación

Resumen

Comprender y evaluar el alcance de los aspectos psicológicos presentes en las acciones de la violencia llamada bullying, puede contribuir para a discusión de intervenciones educativas que promuevan la formación moral deseada por parte de las instituciones educativas con el fin de superar el problema en cuestión. Por lo tanto, en el artículo se analizan las relaciones que existen entre la participación de los y las adolescentes en el bullying, sus representaciones del yo y la forma por la que se autorregulan para conectarse o desconectarse moralmente, (juzgar momentos en los que están en juego contenidos morales en situaciones de bullying). En esta investigación de carácter exploratorio, participaron 2600 estudiantes entre 14 y 15 años de escuelas públicas y privadas del Estado de São Paulo en Brasil que contestaron a un cuestionario que pretendía constatar su participación en el bullying; conocer sus representaciones de lo que admiran; identificar las conexiones o desconexiones morales a partir de dilemas cotidianos referidos al bullying, y las relaciones entre esos tres constructos. Los resultados muestran que las victimas de bullying no son quienes más se desconectan moralmente, aunque presentan conexiones y desconexiones. Muestran también que los sujetos cuyas elecciones (sus representaciones del yo) carecen de valores éticos se desconectan moralmente en situaciones de bullying y son, con diferencias significativas, autores de acoso. Se encontró también que los sujetos que conservan menos valores en sus representaciones del yo tienen más desconexiones morales. De este modo, se concluye que las representaciones que los sujetos tienen de sí mismos, admirando valores éticos o no, correlacionan con sus conexiones o desconexiones morales en situaciones hipotéticas de violencia. Las implicaciones pedagógicas resultantes hacen pensar en políticas públicas que consideren el bullying como un problema moral e inviertan en formación ética de los sujetos para superarlo.

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