El análisis funcional lítico en la Early Stone Age (ESA) africanaestado de la cuestión y prospectiva

  1. Sara de Francisco Rodríguez 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid
Revista:
CKQ: estudios de Cuaternario

ISSN: 2174-3703 2174-0585

Año de publicación: 2015

Número: 5

Páginas: 73-87

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: CKQ: estudios de Cuaternario

Resumen

Desde que surgieron a mediados del s. XX, los análisis funcionales han aportado resultados fructíferos en el campo de los estudios líticos. En este trabajo se aborda la escasa atención que han recibido los mismos en el continente africano durante la Early Stone Age (ESA), y se enuncian las perspectivas de futuro, las cuales, mediante la realización de una colección de referencia experimental, se centrarán en determinar si son factibles los estudios de huellas de uso en los yacimientos de la Garganta de Olduvai (Tanzania) durante la ESA.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ASRYAN, L., OLLÉ, A. y MOLONEY, N. 2014 Reality and confusion in the recognition of post-depositional alterations and use-wear: an experimental approach on basalt tools. Journal of lithic studies, 1 (1): 1-23.
  • ANDERSON, P. 1980 A testimony of prehistoric tasks: diagnostic residues on stone tool working edges. World Archaeology, 12 (2): 181-194.
  • ANDERSON-GERFAUD, P. 1981 Contribution méthodologique à l’analyse des micro-traces d’utilisation sur les outils préhistoriques. Thèses de 3ème cycle. Université de Bordeaux I.
  • BEYIN, A. 2010 Use-wear analysis of obsidian artifacts from Later Stone Age Shell miden site on the Red Sea Cost of Eritrea, with experimental results. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37: 1543-1556.
  • BEYRIES, S. 1990 Problems of interpreting the functional results for ancient periods. En: The interpretive possibilities of microwear studies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Lithic Use-Wear analysis, (15th-17th February) 1989 in Uppsala, Sweden. B.GRÄSLUND H. KNUTSSON y J. TAFFINDER (Eds.): 71-76.
  • BEYRIES, S. y ROCHE, H. 1982 Technologie et traces d’utilisation: application à des industries acheuléens (Carrières Thomas I et III près. Casablanca, Maroc). Studia Prehistorica Belgica, 2: 266-275.
  • BIENENFEL, P. 1990 A use-wear analysis for microliths from the Late Stone Age site of Toromoja I. Cahiers du Quaternaire, 17: Le silex de sa genése á l’outil. Actes du Vº Colloque international sur le Silex, 1990: 621-628.
  • BOREL, A., OLLÉ., A., VERGÈS, J.M. y SALA, R. 2014 Scanning Electron and Optical Light Microscopy: two complementary approaches for the understanding and interpretation of usewear and residues on stone tools. Journal of Archaeological Science, 48: 46-59.
  • BUNN, H.T. y GURTOV, A.N. 2014 Prey mortality profiles indicate that Early Pleistocene Homo at Olduvai was an ambush predater. Quaternary International, 322-323: 44-53.
  • CLEMENTE, I. y GIBAJA, J.F. 2009 Formation of use-wear traces in non flint rocks: the case of quartzite and rhyolite. Differences and similiraties. En: Non Flint Raw Material Use in Prehistory. Old prejudices and new directions. UISPP- Proceedings of the World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September, 2006), vol 11. BAR International Series Vol. 1939. F.STERNKE, L. EIGELAND y L.J.COSTA (Eds.): 93-98. Archaeopress, Oxford.
  • DÍEZ-MARTÍN. F. y ERIN, M.I. 2012 The Early Acheulean in Africa. En: Stone Tools and Fossil Bones. Debates in the Archaeology of Human Origins. M. DOMÍNGUEZRODRIGO, (Ed.): 310-358. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
  • DÍEZ-MARTÍN, F., SÁNCHEZ, P., DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGO, M., MABULLA, A. y BARBA, R. 2009 Were Olduvai Hominins making butchering tools or battering tools? Analysis of a recently excavated lithic assemblage from BK (Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 28: 274-289.
  • DÍEZ-MARTÍN, F., SÁNCHEZ-YUSTOS, P., URIBELARREA, D., DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGO, M., FRAILE-MÁRQUEZ, C., OBREGÓN, R.A., DÍAZ MUÑOZ, I., MABULLA, A., BAQUEDANO, E., PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, A. y BUNN, H.T. 2014 New archaeological and geological research at SHK main site (Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). Quaternary International 322-323: 107-128.
  • DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRIGO, M., DÍEZ-MARTÍN, F., YRAVEDRA, J., BARBA, R., MABULLA, A., BAQUEDANO, E., URIBELARREA, D., SÁNCHEZ, P. y EREN, M.I. 2014 Study of the SHK Main Site faunal assemblage, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Implications for Bed II taphonomy, paleoecology, and hominin utilization of megafauna. Quaternary International, 322-323: 153-166.
  • DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRIGO, M., MABULLA, A., BUNN, H.T., BARBA, R., DÍEZ-MARTÍN, F., EGELAND, C.P., ESPÍLEZ, E., EGELAND, A., YRAVEDRA, J y SÁNCHEZ, P. 2009 Unravelling hominin behaviour at another anthropogenic site from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): new archaeological and taphonomic research at BK, Upper Bed II. Journal of Human Evolution, 57: 260-283.
  • DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRIGO, M., SERALLOGA, J., JUAN-TRESERRAS, L., ALCALÁ, L. y LUQUE, L. 2001 Woodworking activities by early humans: a plant residue analysis on Acheulian stone tools from Peninj, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 39: 421-436.
  • EVANS, A. A. y DONAHUE, R.E. 2008 Laser scaning confocal microscopy: a potential technique for the study of lithic microwear. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(8): 2223-2230.
  • GIBAJA, J. 2007 Estudios de Traceología y Funcionalidad. Praxis archaeologica, 2: 49-74.
  • GOODWIN, A.J. y VAN RIET LOWE, C. 1929 The Stone Age cultures of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 27. Neill and Co., Edinburgh.
  • GUTIÉRREZ-SÁEZ, C. 1996 Traceología. Pautas de análisis experimental. Ed. Foro. Madrid.
  • HURCOMBE, L.M. 1992 Use wear analysis and obsidian: Theory, experiments and result Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 4. Academic Press. Sheffield.
  • IGREJA, M. y PORRAZ, G. 2013 Functional insights into the innovative Early Poort technology at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa). Journal of Archaeological Science, 40: 3475-3491.
  • JONES, P.R 1980 Experimental butchery with modern stone tools and it relevance for Paleolitic Archaeology. World Archaeology, 12 (2): 153-165.
  • KEELEY, L.H. 1974 Technique and methodology in microwear studies: A critical review. World Archaeology, 5 (3): 323-336.
  • KEELEY, L.H. 1980 Experimental determination of stone tool uses. A micro-wear analysis. Prehistory, archaeology and ecology series. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • KEELEY, L.H. y NEWCOMER, M.H. 1977 Microwear analysis of experimental flint tools: A test case. Journal of Archaeological Science, 4: 29-62.
  • KEELEY, L.H. y TOTH, N. 1981 Microwear polishes on early stone tools from Koobi Fora, Kenya. Nature, 293: 464-465.
  • KNUTSSON, K. 1988 Patterns of stone tool use. Scanning electron microscopy of experimental quartz tools. Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis. Uppsala.
  • LEAKEY, L. 1950 Stone implements: how they were made and used. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 5 (18): 71-74.
  • LEAKEY, M.D. 1971 Olduvai Gorge. Volumen 3. Excavations in Beds I and II. 1960-1963. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • LEMORINI, C., PLUMMER, T.W., BRAUN, D.R, CRITTENDEN, A.N., DITCHFIELD, P.W., BISHOP, L.C., HERTEL, F., OLIVER, J.S., MARLOWE, F.W., SCHOENINGER, M.J. y POTTS, R. 2014 Old stones’song: use-wear experiments and analysis of the oldowan quartz and quartzite assemblage from Kanjera South (Kenya). Journal of Human Evolution, 72: 1-16.
  • LÉVI-SALA, I. 1986 Use –wear and post-depositional surface modification: a word of caution. Journal of Archaeological Science, 13 (3): 229-244.
  • LOMBARD, M. 2011 Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: Further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38 (8): 1918-1930.
  • LOMBARD, M. y PARSONS, I. 2008 Blade and bladelet functional and variability in Risk management during the last 2000 years in the Northern Cape. South African Bulletin, 63 (187): 18-27.
  • MACDONALD, D. 2014 The applicaton of focus variation microscopy for lithic use-wear quantification. Journal of Archaeological Science, 48: 26-33.
  • MÁRQUEZ-MORA, B. 1998 Galería (Atapuerca, Burgos), nivel TG10. Aplicación de un programa experimental para el estudio traceológico de conjuntos líticos del Pleistoceno medio. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid.
  • MÁRQUEZ, B., OLLÉ, A., SALA, R. y VERGÈS, J.M. 2001 Perspectives methodologiques de l’analyse fonctionnelle des ensembles lithiques du pléistocène inférieur et moyen d’Atapuerca (Burgos, Espagne). L’Anthropologie, 105: 281-299.
  • ODELL, G.H. 1977 The application of microwear analysis to the lithic componente of an entire prehistoric settlment methods, problems and functional reconstructions. Tesis Doctoral, University of Harvard. Harvard.
  • OLLÉ, A. 2003 Variabilitat i patrons funcionals en els sistemes tècnics de Mode 2. Anàlisi de les deformacions d’us en els conjunts lítics del Riparo Esterno de Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia), Áridos (Arganda, Madrid) i Galería-TN (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos) Tesis Doctoral. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona.
  • OLLÉ, A. y VERGÈS, J.M. 2014 The use of sequential experiments and SEM in documenting stone tool microwear. Journal of Archaeological Science, 48: 60-72
  • PANT, R.K. 1989 Étude microscopique des traces d’utilisation sur les outils de quartz de la grotte de L’Arago, Tautavel, France. L’Anthropologie, 93: 689-704.
  • PLISSON, H. 1985 Etude fonctionnelle d´outillages lithiques préhistoriques par l´analyse des micro-usures: recherche méthodologique et archéologique. Thèse de 3eme Cycle, Université de Paris I, Pantheon-Sorbone. Paris.
  • PLISSON, H. y LOMPRE, A. 2008 Technician or researcher? A visual answer. En: Prehistoric Technology. 40 years later: Functional Studies and the Russian Legacy. Proceedings of the International Congress Verona, Italy (20-23 April 2005). BAR. International Series Vol.1783. Oxford. L. LONGO y N. SKAKUN (Eds.): 497-501.
  • RICHARDS, T.H. 1988 Microwear patterns on experimental basalt tools. Oxford, BAR International Series, 460. Oxford.
  • RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ, A.C. 1993 Analyse fonctionnelle des outillages lithiques en basalte de l’ìle de La Palma (Iles Canaries). Prémiers résultats. Actes du Colloque Le Geste Retrouvé á Liege 1990. ERAUL: 295-301.
  • RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ, A.C. 1998 Primeras experiencias de análisis funcional en los instrumentos de basalto tallado de Canarias. El ejemplo del material prehistórico de la isla de La Palma. Vegueta, 3: 29,46.
  • RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ, A.C. 2009 Use-wear analysis on volcanic rocks: problems and perspectives. The example of the material from The Canary Islands. En: Recent functional studies on non flint stone tools: methodological improvements and archaeological inferences. M. ARAUJO (Ed.): 1-23. IGESPAR, I.P, Lisboa.
  • ROTS, V. y VAN PEER, P. 2006 Early evidence of complexity in lithic economy: core-axe production, hafting and use at Late Middle Pleistocene site 8-B-11, Sai Island (Sudan). Journal of archaeological Science, 33: 360-371.
  • ROTS, V., VAN PEER, P. y VERMEERSCH, P.M. 2011 Aspects of tool production, use and hafting in Palaeolithic assemblages from Northeast Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 60: 637-664.
  • SAHNOUNI, M y de HEINZELIN, J. 1998 The site of Ain Hanech revisited: new investigations at this Lower Pleistocene site in Northern Algeria. Journal Archaeological Science, 25: 1083-1101.
  • SAHNOUNI, M., ROSELL, J., VAN DER MADER, J., VERGÈS, J.M., OLLÉ, A., KANDI, N., HARICHANE, Z., DERRADJI, A. y MEDIG, M. 2013 The first evidence of cut marks and usewear traces from the Plio-Pleistocene locality of El-Kherba (Ain Hanech), Algeria: implications for early hominin subsistence activities circa 1,8 Ma. Journal of Human Evolution, 64 (2): 137-150.
  • SALA RAMOS, R. 1995 Formes d’us i criteris d’efectivitat en conjunts de mode 1 i mode 2: Anàlisis de les deformacions per ús dels instruments lítics del Plistocè inferior (TD6) i mitjà (TG11) de la Sierra d’Atapuerca. Tesis Doctoral, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona.
  • SEMENOV, S. 1964 Prehistoric technology. An experimental study of the oldest tools and artefacts from traces of manufacture and wear. Cory, Adams and Mackay Ltd., Londres. Traducción Española, 1981, Akal.
  • STEMP, W.J. 2014 A review of quantification of lithic use-wear using laser profilometry: a method base on metrology and fractal analysis. Journal of Archaelogical Science, 48: 15-25
  • SUSSMAN, C. 1984 Preliminary results of microwear analysis on experimental quartz tools. Lithic studies, 1. Harvard.
  • SUSSMAN, C. 1986 Functional Studies of Experimental Quartz Artefacts using Microscopic Analysis of Use-Wear and Polish Formation. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California. Berkeley.
  • SUSSMAN, C. 1987 Resultats d’une étude de microtraces d’usure sur un échantillon d’artefacts d’Olduvai (Tanzanie). L’Anthropologie, 91: 375-380.
  • SUSSMAN, C. 1988 Aspects of microwear as applied to quartz. Industries lithiques. Tracéologie et technologie. Volume 2: aspects méthodologiques: 3-27.
  • TRINGHAM, R., COOPER, G., ODELL, G., VOYTEK, B. y WITHMAN, A. 1974 Experimentation in the formation of edge damage: A new approach to lithic analysis. Journal of Field Archaeology, 1: 171-196.
  • VERGÉS, J.M. 2003 Caracterizació dels model d’instrumental litic del mode 1 a partir de les dades de l’anàlisi funcional dels conjunts litotècnics d’Aïn Hanech i El-Kherba (Algèria), Monte Poggiolo i Isernia la Pineta (Itàlia). Tesis Doctoral, Universitat Roviri i Virgili. Tarragona.
  • VERGÈS, J.M., OLLÉ, A., LONGO, L. y PERETTO, C. 1999 Microwear analysis of the Lower Pleistocene lithic industry of Monte Poggiolo (Forli, Italy). Human Population Origins in the Circum Mediterranean Area: Adaptations of the Hunter-Garether Groups to Enviromental Modifications. ARKEOS, 5: 243-253