Desenredando la desinformaciónNociones y discursos de la población española

  1. Lidia Valera Ordaz
  2. Marina Requena i Mora
  3. Dafne Calvo
  4. Guillermo López García
Revista:
Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación

ISSN: 1134-3478

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Sociedad de la desinformación: El impacto de las fake news en la esfera pública

Número: 72

Páginas: 21-32

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3916/C72-2022-02 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación

Resumen

Disinformation has become a core concept in communications research, related to media, technological and political phenomena that complexify its definition and diagnosis. Although its approach has been mainly quantitative, focus groups have also been used to understand the perception of the audience of this particular issue. This research is part of this second group of studies, and attempts to investigate the notions and discourses on disinformation in the case of Spain. For this purpose, seven discussion groups were conducted, with a structural sample constructed according to employment situation, ideology and age. The results show a perception of the communicative ecosystem structured in two chronological poles, which contrasts a past of reduced information supply – associated with traditional media – with a current informational environment where there is more media diversity, but also less trust in them. The groups point to the overabundance of information and associated disinformation with decontextualisation, low-quality journalism and the economic and political interests of different actors. Discourses outline a scenario of decline in journalism and the public sphere, which is perceived as polarised and emotional. Disinformation is therefore perceived as a multidimensional phenomenon that is associated with issues of major democratic transcendence rather than merely sending hoaxes through the Internet.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Tandoc, E C, Lim, Z W & Ling, R . 2018. Defining «fake news»: A typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism 6(2):137–153.
  • Hjorth, F & Adler-Nissen, R . 2019. Ideological asymmetry in the reach of pro-Russian digital disinformation to United States audiences. Journal of Communication 69(2):168–192.
  • Hermida, A, Fletcher, F, Korell, D & Logan, D . 2012. Share, like, recommend. Journalism Studies 13:815–824.
  • Conde, F. 2009. Análisis sociológico del sistema de discursos. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
  • Vallone, R P, Ross, L & Lepper, M R . 1985. The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49(3):577–585.
  • Photiou, I & Maniou, T A . 2018. Changing audiences, changing realities: Identifying disinformation via new teaching curricula [Conference] Crisis reporting: Proceedings of the EJTA Teachers’ Conference, Grecia
  • Roses-Campos, S & Humanes-Humanes, M . 2019. Conflicts in the professional roles of journalists in Spain: Ideals and practice. [Conflictos en los roles profesionales de los periodistas en España: Ideales y práctica] Comunicar 58:65–74.
  • Nelson, J L & Taneja, H . 2018. The small, disloyal fake news audience: The role of audience availability in fake news consumption. New Media & Society 20(10):3720–3737.
  • Anderson, C W . 2020. Fake news is not a virus: On platforms and their effects. Communication Theory 31(1):42–61.
  • Pariser, E . 2011. The filter bubble: What the internet is hiding from you. Penguin
  • Sampedro, V & Pérez-Seoane, F . 2008. Las elecciones generales españolas de 2008: Bipolarización antagónica fomentada por intereses político-mediáticos y las nuevas tecnologías. Revista de Sociología e Política 17:129–135.
  • Newman, N & Levy, D A . 2014. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
  • Mercenier, H, Wiard, V & Dufrasne, M . 2022. Teens, social media and fake news: A user’s perspective. In: Lopez-García, G., Palau-Sampio, D., Palomo, B., Campos-Dominguez, E. & Masip, P. , eds. Politics of disinformation: The influence of fake news on public sphere. (pp. 161-172) Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119743347.ch12
  • Hallin, D C & Mancini, P . 2004. Sistemas mediáticos comparados. Tres modelos de relación entre los medios de comunicación y la política. Hacer
  • Engesser, S & Humprecht, E . 2015. Frequency or skillfulness. Journalism studies 16(4):513–529.
  • Flew, T . 2019. Digital communication, the crisis of trust, and the post-global. Communication Research and Practice 5(1):4–22.
  • Stella, M, Ferrara, E & De-Domenico, M . 2018. Bots sustain and inflate striking opposition in online social systems. PNAS 115:12435–12440.
  • Valera-Ordaz, L & Humanes, M L . 2022. What drives selective exposure to political information in Spain? Comparing political interest and ideology. In: Palau-Sampio, D., López-García, G. & Ianelli, L. , eds. Contemporary politics, communication and the impact on democracy. (pp. 93-112) IGI Global https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8057-8.ch006
  • J., Ibáñez, . 1979. Más allá de la sociología. El grupo de discusión: Técnica y crítica. Siglo XXI
  • Masip, P, Ruiz-Caballero, C & Suau, J . 2019. Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article. Profesional de la Información 28.
  • Golob, T, Makarovic, M & Rek, M . 2021. Meta-reflexivity for resilience against disinformation. [Meta-reflexividad para la resiliencia contra la desinformación] Comunicar 66:107–118.
  • Molina, M D, Sundar, S S, Le, T & Lee, D . 2019. «Fake News» is not simply false information: A concept explication and taxonomy of online content. American Behavioral Scientist 65(2):1–33.
  • Bennett, W L & Livingston, S . 2018. The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions. European Journal of Communication 33(2):122–139.
  • Hall, S . 1997. The work of representation. In: Hall, S , ed. Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. (pp. 13-74) The Open University
  • Herrero-Diz, P, Conde-Jiménez, J & Reyes-De-Cózar, S . 2020. Teens’ motivations to spread fake news on WhatsApp. Social Media+Society 6(3).
  • Salaverría, R, Buslón, N, López-Pan, F, León, B, López-Goñi, I & Erviti, M C . 2020. Desinformación en tiempos de pandemia: tipología de los bulos sobre la Covid-19. Profesional de la Información (3) 29.
  • Bimber, B & Gil-De-Zúñiga, H . 2020. The unedited public sphere. New Media & Society 22(4):700–715.
  • Gray, J, Bounegru, L & Venturini, T . 2020. «Fake news» as infrastructural uncanny. New Media & Society 22:317–341.
  • Nielsen, R K & Graves, L . 2017. News you don’t believe: Audience perspectives on fake news. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
  • Conde, F . 2014. Los órdenes sintáctico, semántico y pragmático en el diseño y en el análisis de las investigaciones cualitativas con grupos de discusión. Arxius de Sociologia 31:69–84.
  • Sunstein, C R . 2009. Republic.com 2.0. Princeton University Press
  • Shin, J & Thorson, K . 2017. Partisan selective sharing: The biased diffusion of fact-checking messages on social media. Journal of Communication 67(2):233–255.
  • Katz, E & Lazarsfeld, P . 1955. Personal influence. The Free Press
  • De-Lucas, A . 1995. Memoria de oposición. Proyecto docente. Sociología del consumo e investigación de mercados. Inédito
  • Prior, M . 2007. Post-broadcast democracy: How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. Cambridge University Press
  • Humanes, M L . 2014. Exposición selectiva y partidismo de las audiencias en España. El consumo de información política durante las campañas electorales de 2008 y 2011. Palabra Clave 17(3):773–802.
  • Lazarsfeld, P, Berelson, B & Gaudet, H . 1944. The people’s choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. Columbia University Press
  • Bennett, W L & Iyengar, S . 2008. A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of communication 58(4):707–731.
  • Madrid- Morales, D, Wasserman, H, Gondwe, G, Ndlovu, K, Sikanku, E, Tulley, M, Uzuegbunam, . . & C . 2021. Motivations for sharing misinformation: A comparative study in six Sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Communication 15:1200–1219.
  • Wenzel, A . 1977. To verify or to disengage: Coping with «fake news» and ambiguity. International Journal of Communication 13.
  • Amazeen, M A . 2017. Journalistic interventions: The structural factors affecting the global emergence of fact-checking. Journalism 21(1):95–111.
  • Duffy, A, Tandoc, E & Ling, R . 2020. Too good to be true, too good not to share: The social utility of fake news. Information, Communication & Society 23:1965–1979.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet