Incidencia y factores de riesgo en la ototoxicidad por cisplatino

  1. Benito Orejas, José Ignacio 1
  2. Sánchez-Martínez, Ana 2
  3. Tavárez-Rodríguez, Juan José 3
  4. Morais-Pérez, Darío 1
  5. Soto De Prado-Otero, Diego 1
  6. Muñoz-Moreno, María Fe 1
  1. 1 SACYL, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, España
  2. 2 Red del Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
  3. 3 SACYL, Hospital General Río Carrión de Palencia, España.
Revista:
Revista ORL

ISSN: 2444-7986 2444-7986

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 12

Volumen: 3

Páginas: 217-230

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.14201/ORL.24411 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista ORL

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos: El cisplatino es uno de los fármacos de uso clínico con mayor ototoxicidad. Controlando los umbrales auditivos de los pacientes en tratamiento, podemos realizar una detección precoz de la hipoacusia y adoptar medidas terapéuticas. Con este trabajo pretendemos evaluar la incidencia y severidad de la hipoacusia por cisplatino en nuestro medio, identificando los principales factores de riesgo. Métodos: Monitorización y registro, en un hospital de tercer nivel, de la pérdida auditiva por cisplatino, en los primeros 100 pacientes enviados por oncología que aceptan el seguimiento audiológico, aplicando la audiometría de alta frecuencia y las otoemisiones acústicas. Resultados: Se trata de una población fundamentalmente adulta, con una edad media de 59 años. De los 70 pacientes tratados sólo con cisplatino un 27% manifestó la aparición o el incremento de su hipoacusia. En los 30 restantes, que además de cisplatino recibieron radioterapia, detectamos afectación auditiva en el 53%. Los efectos ototóxicos del cisplatino son dosis dependiente y más intensos con audición normal. En nuestros resultados, ni el género, ni la edad, ni la presencia de hipoacusia previa, fueron factores estadísticamente significativos en la vulnerabilidad. Conclusiones: La susceptibilidad variable al daño ototóxico, el inicio clínicamente insidioso y su irreversibilidad, justifican la conveniencia de monitorizar la ototoxicidad por cisplatino. Los datos clínicos nos permiten calcular el riesgo medio de una población, aunque no sirvan para predecir lo que le ocurrirá a un paciente en concreto.

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