Gestión y explotación de la información TLS de 3D a 2D y 2.5Danálisis, selección y síntesis a partir de la tecnología escáner láser terrestre

Resumen

The foundation and guarantee of a good heritage protection is the appropriate knowledge of it, this understanding is developed from studies conducted by different specialists, using the architectural surveys as a basis for their work and as a platform for communication between disciplines. These surveys are conducted at different levels, covering different issues, such as studying the consolidation of paintings or analysis of the structures, all in the same heritage building. This generates duplication in registration activities, as a first step in the exploration of the patrimonial goods, in most cases with difficult information to superimpose or link, which makes it difficult to cross-reading this knowledge, with records or documentation do not follow standards that allow integration, or adequate information management between surveys. Therefore the importance of developing methodologies to unify criteria between disciplines and facilitate the approximation of the different views about the heritage from a common base information, not only as an ethical obligation for those involved in conservation processes, but as tools that produce immediate benefits in management, project planning, control of current status, interdisciplinary communication and evaluation of results. To this end we work with technology Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), which allows complex surveys , different leveIs of approximation, in short periods of time without compromising accuracy. The central aim of the thesis is to identify the potential of databases TLS as 20 and 2.50 images, maintaining the relationship with the initial information. Is proposed that the creation and exploitation of TLS data bases in two dimensions , can increase knowledge of heritage buildings, used for the analysis, selection classification and recognition of 3D point clouds and 3D data conversion to 2D (2.50) using image processing and synthesis process in search of a useful tool for the different disciplines that use this information starting representation. We use the concept of architectural survey (understood as analysis, selection and synthesis of real event) as framework for the development of the methodologies proposed. Considering the analysis of the asset from data collection, to the objective classification of the component parts and their relationship. After this process is selected and restructures the information, plans and elevations, to pass data from 3D to 2D (2 .5D), always maintaining the relationship with 3D starting point, achieving a synthesis that allows different levels approach to process coregistered images . In this process it was necessary to integrate techniques of paralllel lines to the TLS, formats like LIDAR aerial surveys, classification techniques of natural surfaces and reverse engineering, image processing techniques and architectural surveys SFM (Structural From Motion, processes scanned photo), therefore their developments in point cloud management and data processing 2D and 2.5D. These processes have been applied to specific case studies, highlighting mainly the geometrical characteristics of the surfaces in relation to the materials , the types of gradient, the consolidation of materials, the analysis of movements or deformations of facades , and archaeological stratification processes, among others. Parallel to the case studies, interviews validated the results, from the perspective of different disciplines were developed