Evolución del impacto psicopatológico al año del confinamiento por COVID-19 en menores con patología psiquiátrica previa y en sus familiares o cuidadores
- C. Domínguez Martín 1
- E. Martín Arranz 1
- J. Martínez Fernández 2
- A. Diez Revuelta 3
- 1 Hospital de día de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil de Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. España
- 2 Graduado en Psicología y Criminología. Valladolid. España
- 3 Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía. Universidad de Valladolid. España
ISSN: 2660-7271, 1130-9512
Ano de publicación: 2022
Volume: 39
Número: 3
Páxinas: 21-40
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Resumo
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in society, affecting the mental health of the population, particularly in childhood and adolescence. Minors with previous psychiatric pathology may show increased symptomatology (depression, anxiety or stress) both during con-finement and persistently after it. Objective: To assess the evolution of clinical symptomatology and the emotional impact on minors attending our Day Hospital and their caregivers one year after the end of COVID-19 confinement. Method: Clinical symptoms (emotional and behavioural) were assessed during confinement and/or one year later in 81 participating families. Clinical differences between both time points were analyzed, firstly, for two groups of minors and independent caregivers and, secondly, for the same group of minors and caregivers evaluated on both occasions. Results: Longitudinal analyses showed trends to an increase in symptomatology in the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and affective and behavioral control. However, these significant differences weren’t maintained after correction for multiple comparisons. Their family members and caregivers also showed no significant changes between the two time points. Conclusions: The clinical symptomatology of minors with psychiatric pathology has been maintained one year after the end of the confinement due to COVID-19. Regular follow-up, good parent-child communication and adequate social support on the minor-caregiver dyad should be encouraged to promote proper emotional management.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 912-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
- Jiloha RC. COVID-19 and Mental Health. Epidem Int. 2020;5(1): 7-9. https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202002
- Deighton J, Lereya ST, Casey P, Patalay P, Humphrey N, Wolpert M. revalence of mental health problems in schools: poverty and other risk factors among 28 000 adolescents in England. BJ Psych. 2019;215(3): 565-67. https://doi.org/10.1192/BJP.2019.19
- Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N, Reynolds S, Shafran R, Brigden A, et al. Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;59(11): 1218-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAC.2020.05.009
- Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet. 2020;395(10228): 945-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
- Racine N, McArthur BA, Cooke JE, Eirich R, Zhu J, Madigan S. Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(11): 1142-50. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2021.2482
- Panchal U, Salazar de Pablo G, Franco M, Moreno C, Parellada M, Arango C, et al. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01856-w
- Viola TW, Nunes ML. Social and environmental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children. Jornal de Pediatria. 2021; 98(supp. 1): S4-S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.08.003
- Shah R, Raju VV, Sharma A, Grover S. Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Children with ADHD and Their Families—An Online Survey and a Continuity Care Model. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2021; 12(1): 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0040-1718645
- Zhang L, Zhang D, Fang J, Wan Y, Tao F, Sun Y. Assessment of Mental Health of Chinese Primary School Students Before and After School Closing and Opening During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(9): e2021482. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2020.21482
- Graell M, Morón-Nozaleda MG, Camarneiro R, Villaseñor Á, Yáñez S, Muñoz R, et al. Children and adolescents with eating disorders during COVID-19 confinement: Difficulties and future challenges. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2020; 28(6): 864-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/ERV.2763
- Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2020; 4(5): 347-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30096-1
- Domínguez Martín C, Martín Arranz E, Fernández Rodríguez B, Carrascal Joral E, Revuelta AD, Martín CD. Impacto emocional durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en menores de hospital de día y en sus padres/cuidadores. Rev Psiquiatr Infanto-Juv. ; 38(1): 11-9. https://doi.org/10.31766/REVPSIJ.V38N1A3
- Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2020; 4(6): 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
- Giannopoulou I, Efstathiou V, Triantafyllou G, Korkoliakou P, Douzenis A. Adding stress to the stressed: Senior high school students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 nationwide lockdown in Greece. Psychiatry Research. 2021; 295: 113560. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113560
- Yue J, Zang X, Le Y, & An Y. Anxiety, depression and PTSD among children and their parent during 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China. Curr Psychol. 2020; 41: 5723-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01191-4
- Raw JAL, Waite P, Pearcey S, Shum A, Patalay P, Creswell C. Examining changes in parent-reported child and adolescent mental health throughout the UK’s first COVID-19 national lockdown. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021; 62(12): 1391-1401. https://doi.org/10.1111/JCPP.13490
- Takahashi F, Honda H. Prevalence of clinical-level emotional/behavioral problems in schoolchildren during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: A prospective cohort study. JCPP Advances. 2021; 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/JCV2.12007
- Dvorsky MR, Breaux R, Cusick CN, Fredrick JW, Green C, Steinberg A, et al. Coping with COVID-19: Longitudinal Impact of the Pandemic on Adjustment and Links with Coping for Adolescents with and without ADHD. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021; 50: 605-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00857-2
- Cunning C, Hodes M. The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2021; 27(1): 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045211028169
- Van der Laan SEI, Finkenauer C, Lenters VC, Van Harmelen AL, Van der Ent CK, Nijhof SL. 2021. J Adolesc Health. 2021; 69(5): 737-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2021.07.013
- Hawke LD, Szatmari P, Cleverley K, Courtney D, Cheung A, Voineskos AN, et al. Youth in a pandemic: a longitudinal examination of youth mental health and substance use concerns during COVID-19. BMJ Open. 2021; 11(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-049209
- Czeisler M, Wiley JF, Facer-Childs ER, Robbins R, Weaver MD, Barger LK, et al. ental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during a prolonged COVID-19-related lockdown in a region with low SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. J Psychiatr Res. ; 140: 533-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPSYCHIRES.2021.05.080
- Veldhuis CB, Nesoff ED, McKowen ALW, Rice DR, Ghoneima H, Wootton AR, et al. Addressing the critical need for long-term mental health data during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in mental health from April to September 2020. Prev Med. 2021; 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YPMED.2021.106465
- Wright N, Hill J, Sharp H, Pickles A. Interplay between long-term vulnerability and new risk: Young adolescent and maternal mental health immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JCPP Advances. 2021; 1(1): e12008. https://doi.org/10.1111/JCV2.12008
- Chevance A, Gourion D, Hoertel N, Llorca P, Thomas P, Bocher R, et al. Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review. L’Encephale. 2020; 46(3S): S3–S13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.03.001
- Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. ; 7(4): e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
- Valero-Moreno S, Lacomba-Trejo L, Tamarit A, Pérez-Marín M, Montoya-Castilla I. Psycho-emotional adjustment in parents of adolescents: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021; 59: e44-e51. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PEDN.2021.01.028
- Wang C. Mental health and social support of caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD and other developmental disorders during COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord. 2021; 6: 100242. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADR.2021.100242
- Martin J, Streit F, Treutlein J, Lang M, Frank J, Forstner AJ, et al. Expert and self-assessment of lifetime symptoms and diagnosis of major depressive disorder in large-scale genetic studies in the general population: comparison of a clinical interview and a self-administered checklist. Psychiatr Genet. 2017; 27(5): 187-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000182
- Heleniak C, Jenness JL, Vander Stoep A, McCauley E, McLaughlin KA. Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016; 40(3): 394. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10608-015-9735-Z
- Zhao J, Peng X, Chao X, Xiang Y. Childhood maltreatment influences mental symptoms: The mediating roles of emotional intelligence and social support. Front Psychiatry. 2019; 10: 415. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2019.00415