El proceso de estudiantización y su abordaje desde un enfoque geográficoestado de la cuestión y agenda de investigación

  1. Prada-Trigo, José
  2. Cornejo Nieto, Carlos 1
  3. Letelier Troncoso, Francisco 2
  4. Saravia Cortés, Felipe 3
  5. Quijada, Paula 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Concepción
    info

    Universidad de Concepción

    Concepción, Chile

    ROR https://ror.org/0460jpj73

  2. 2 Universidad Católica del Maule
    info

    Universidad Católica del Maule

    Talca, Chile

    ROR https://ror.org/04vdpck27

  3. 3 Universidad del Bío-Bío
    info

    Universidad del Bío-Bío

    Concepción, Chile

    ROR https://ror.org/04dndfk38

Revista:
Documents d'anàlisi geogràfica

ISSN: 0212-1573 2014-4512

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Miscel·lani

Volumen: 69

Número: 1

Páginas: 135-157

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5565/REV/DAG.754 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Documents d'anàlisi geogràfica

Resumen

El estudio de las dinámicas estudiantiles y de sus efectos en ciertos barrios universitarios es un tema que ha tomado impulso desde comienzos del siglo XXI en la disciplina de geografía. Este artículo constituye un estado de la cuestión sobre el proceso de estudiantización y plantea nuevas líneas de investigación que desde la geografía contribuyan a una aproximación multiescalar de este fenómeno. Para ello, realiza una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre esta materia, para conectarla con procesos territoriales y urbanos más amplios, y propone algunas líneas de trabajo a futuro con el objetivo de abrir este campo de investigación a nuevas perspectivas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • AALBERS, M. (2016). «The financialization of home and the mortgage market crisis». En: AALBERS, M. The Financialization of Housing. Londres: Routledge, 40-63. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315668666
  • AALBERS, M. (2018). «What Kind of Theory for What Kind of Housing Research?». Housing, Theory and Society, 35 (2), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2017.1366934
  • ACKERMAN, A. y VISSER, G. (2016). «Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Bulletin of Geography». Socio-economic Series, 31, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0001
  • ALAMEL, A. (2018). «L’émergence des géographies étudiantes: Une littérature anglophone substantielle, une recherche francophone à bâtir». Belgeo, 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.30799
  • ALAMEL, A. (2021). «The magnitude of “all‐inclusive energy packages” in the UK student housing sector». Area, 53 (3), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12713
  • AL-DWAIKAT, T.; ALDALAYKEH, M.; TA’AN, W. y RABABA, M. (2020). «The relationship between social networking sites usage and psychological distress among undergraduate students during COVID-19 lockdown». Heliyon, 6 (12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05695
  • ALLINSON, J. (2006). «Over-educated, over-exuberant and over here? The impact of students on cities». Planning Practice and Research, 21 (1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697450600901541
  • AMÉSTICA, L.; GAETE, H. y LLINAS-AUDET, X. (2014). «Segmentación y clasificación de las universidades en Chile: desventajas de inicio y efectos de las políticas públicas de financiamiento». Ingeniare, 22 (3), 384-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052014000300009
  • ARISTOVNIK, A.; KERŽIČ, D.; RAVŠELJ, D.; TOMAŽEVIČ, N. y UMEK, L. (2020). «Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective». Sustainability, 12 (20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208438
  • AUCEJO, E.; FRENCH, J.; UGALDE, M. y ZAFAR, B. (2020). «The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey». Journal of Public Economics, 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271
  • AVNI, N. y ALFASI, N. (2018). «UniverCity: The Vicious Cycle of Studentification in a Peripheral City». City & Community, 17 (4), 1.248-1.269. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12338
  • BALL, S.; DAVIES, J.; DAVID, M. y REAY, D. (2002). «“Classification” and “Judgement”: Social class and the “cognitive structures” of choice of Higher Education». British Journal of Sociology of Education, 23 (1), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690120102854
  • BAUDRY, S. (2013). «La studentification, un concept exportable?». Urbanisme, 390, 25-26.
  • BERDOULAY, V. (2012). «El sujeto, el lugar y la mediación del imaginario». En: LINDÓN, A. y HIERNAUX, D. (eds.). Geografías de lo imaginario. Barcelona: Anthropos, 49-65.
  • BOERSMA, K. (2013). «Paradoxes of Studentification: Social Mix versus Gentrification in a Disadvantaged Neighborhood in Amsterdam East». The Open Urban Studies Journal, 6 (1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901306010040
  • BRENNER, N. y THEODORE, N. (2002). «Cities and the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism”». Antipode, 34 (3), 349-379. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00246
  • BROOKFIELD, K. (2019). «Studentified areas as contested heterotopias: Findings from Southampton». Area, 51 (2), 350-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12458
  • BUNCE, L.; BAIRD, A. y JONES, S. (2017). «The student-as-consumer approach in higher education and its effects on academic performance». Studies in Higher Education, 42 (11), 1.958-1.978. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1127908
  • CANALES, A. (2016). «Diferencias socioeconómicas en la postulación a las universidades chilenas: el rol de factores académicos y no académicos». Calidad en la Educación, 44, 129-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-45652016000100006
  • CASTILLO, J. y CABEZAS, G. (2010). «Caracterización de jóvenes primera generación en educación superior, nuevas trayectorias hacia la equidad educativa». Calidad en la Educación, 32, 44-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31619/caledu.n32.151
  • CHAMUSCA, P.; FERNANDES, J. A.; CARVALHO, L. y MENDES, T. (2019). «The role of Airbnb creating a “new”-old city centre: facts, problems and controversies in Porto». Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 83. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2820
  • CHATTERTON, P. (2000). «The Cultural Role of Universities in the Community: Revisiting the University – Community Debate». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 32 (1), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3243
  • CHATTERTON, P. (2010). «The Student City: An Ongoing Story of Neoliberalism, Gentrification, and Commodification». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42 (3), 509-514. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42293
  • CHRISAFIS, A. (2000). «Two square miles of housing hell». The Guardian, 24/10/2000. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/oct/24/angeliquechrisafis
  • CHRISTOPHERS, B. (2015). «The limits to financialization». Dialogues in Human Geography, 5 (2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820615588153
  • CORTES, A. (2004). «Estimating the Impacts Urban Universities on Neighborhood Housing Markets: An Empirical Analysis». Urban Affairs Review, 39 (3), 342-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087403255654
  • DANIELS, S. (2011). «Geographical imagination». Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36 (2), 182-187.
  • DUKE-WILLIAMS, O. (2009). «The Geographies of Student Migration in the UK». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41 (8), 1.826-1.848. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4198
  • ESPINOZA, O. y GONZÁLEZ, L. (2007). «Perfil socioeconómico del estudiantado que accede a la educación superior en Chile (1990-2003)». Estudios Pedagógicos (Valdivia), 33 (2), 45-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052007000200003
  • FINDLAY, A.; PACKWOOD, H.; MCCOLLUM, D.; NIGHTINGALE, G. y TINDAL, S. (2017). «Fees, flows and imaginaries: exploring the destination choices arising from intra-national student mobility». Globalisation, Societies and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2017.1412822
  • GARMENDIA, M.; CORONADO, J. y UREÑA, J. (2012). «University Students Sharing Flats: When Studentification Becomes Vertical». Urban Studies, 49 (12), 2.651-2.668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011428176
  • GELLES, L.; LORD, S.; HOOPLE, G.; CHEN, D. y MEJIA, J. (2020). «Compassionate Flexibility and Self-Discipline: Student Adaptation to Emergency Remote Teaching in an Integrated Engineering Energy Course during COVID-19». Education Sciences, 10 (11), 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10110304
  • GONZÁLEZ, C.; MESANZA, R. y MARIEL, P. (2011). «The determinants of international student mobility flows: an empirical study on the Erasmus programme». Higher Education, 62 (4), 413-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5
  • GRABKOWSKA, M. y FRANKOWSKI, J. (2016). «Close to the city centre, close to the university’. Are there symptoms of studentification in Gdańsk, Poland?». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 32 (32), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0016
  • GREGORY, J. y ROGERSON, J. (2019). «Housing in multiple occupation and studentification in Johannesburg». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 46 (46), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0036
  • GU, H. y SMITH, D. (2020). «Living off the campus’: Urban geographies of change and studentification in Beijing, China». Urban Geography, 41 (2), 205-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2019.1659071
  • GUADAGNI, A. (2016). «Ingreso a la universidad en Brasil, Chile y Argentina». Centro de Estudios de la Educación Argentina, 5 (50).
  • HARRIS, P. y MCVEIGH, T. (2002). «Student takeover alarms cities». The Guardian, 21/07/2002. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/society/2002/jul/21/urbandesign.highereducation
  • HARVEY, D. (1973). Social Justice and the City. Londres: Athens.
  • HARVEY, D. (2005). «The sociological and geographical imaginations». International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 18 (3-4), 211-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-006-9009-6
  • HE, S. (2015). «Consuming urban living in “villages in the city”: Studentification in Guangzhou, China». Urban Studies, 52 (15), 2.849-2.873. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014543703
  • HIDALGO, R.; ALVARADO, V.; QUIJADA, P. y SANTANA, D. (2017). «Estado y propiedad: La política de vivienda social y la construcción de rutas hacia el neoliberalismo en América Latina y Chile». Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 32, 11-33.
  • HILLMAN, N. (2016). «Geography of college opportunity: the case of education deserts». American Educational Research Journal, 53 (4), 987-1.021. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216653204
  • HOLDSWORTH, C. (2009). «“Going Away to Uni”: Mobility, Modernity, and Independence of English Higher Education students». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41 (8), 1.849-1.864. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41177
  • HOLTON, M. y RILEY, M. (2013). «Student Geographies: Exploring the Diverse Geographies of Students and Higher Education: Student Geographies». Geography Compass, 7 (1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12013
  • HOYT, H. (1939). The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities. Washington, DC: Federal Housing Administration.
  • HUBBARD, P. (2009). «Geographies of Studentification and Purpose-Built Student Accommodation: Leading Separate Lives?». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41 (8), 1.903-1.923. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4149
  • KENNA, T. (2011). «Studentification in Ireland? Analysing the impacts of students and student accommodation on Cork City». Irish Geography, 44 (2-3), 191-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2011.618073
  • KENNA, T. y MURPHY, A. (2021). «Constructing exclusive student communities: The rise of “superior” student accommodation and new geographies of exclusion». The Geographical Journal, 187 (2), 138-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12380
  • KENYON, E. (1997). «Seasonal Sub-Communities: The Impact of Student Households on Residential Communities». The British Journal of Sociology, 48 (2), 286. https://doi.org/10.2307/591753
  • KINTON, C.; SMITH, D. y HARRISON, J. (2016). «De-studentification: Emptying housing and neighbourhoods of student populations». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48 (8), 1.617-1.635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16642446
  • KINTON, C.; SMITH, D. P.; HARRISON, J. y CULORA, A. (2018). «New frontiers of studentification: The commodification of student housing as a driver of urban change». The Geographical Journal, 184 (3), 242-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12263
  • LAGER, D. y HOVEN, B. van (2019). «Exploring the Experienced Impact of Studentification on Ageing-in-Place». Urban Planning, 4 (2), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.1947
  • LEES, L.; SHIN, H. y LÓPEZ-MORALES, E. (2016). Planetary gentrification. Londres: Polity Press.
  • LINDÓN, A. y HIERNAUX, D. (eds.). (2012). Geografías de lo imaginario. Barcelona: Anthropos.
  • LÓPEZ-MORALES, E. y GASIC, I. (2021). «El complejo urbano financiero inmobiliario en América latina. Introducción». Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 25 (1). https://doi.org/10.1344/sn2021.25.34240
  • MACINTYRE, C. (2003). «New models of student housing and their impact on local communities». Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 25 (2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080032000122598
  • MASSEY, D. y ALLEN, J. (1984). Geography matters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • MEJÍA-PÉREZ, G. y WORTHMAN, S. (2017). «La geografía de las oportunidades. El caso de las sedes de las universidades autónomas en municipios con poca oferta de educación superior». Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior, 8 (23), 25-48.
  • MERTENS G.; GERRITSEN, L.; DUIJNDAM, S.; SALEMINK, E. y ENGELHARD, M. (2020). «Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020». Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
  • MIESSNER, M. (2020). «Studentification in Germany: How investors generate profits from student tenants in Goettingen and the impacts on urban segregation». European Urban and Regional Studies, 28 (2), 133-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776420934850
  • MULHEARN, C. y FRANCO, M. (2018). «If you build it will they come? The boom in purpose-built student accommodation in central Liverpool: Destudentification, studentification and the future of the city». Local Economy, 33 (5), 477-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094218792740
  • MUNRO, M. y LIVINGSTON, M. (2012). «Student Impacts on Urban Neighbourhoods: Policy Approaches, Discourses and Dilemmas». Urban Studies, 49 (8), 1.679-1.694. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011419237
  • MUNRO, M.; TUROK, I. y LIVINGSTON, M. (2009). «Students in Cities: A Preliminary Analysis of Their Patterns and Effects». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41 (8), 1.805-1.825. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41133
  • MURZYN-KUPISZ, M. y SZMYTKOWSKA, M. (2015). «Studentification in the postsocialist context: The case of Cracow and the Tri-City (Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot)». Geografie, 120 (2), 188-209. https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2015120020188
  • NAKAZAWA, T. (2017). «Expanding the scope of studentification studies: Expanding the scope of studentification studies». Geography Compass, 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12300
  • ORTEGA, J. y CASILLAS, M. (2013). «Nueva tendencia en la educación superior, la oferta en zonas no metropolitanas». Revista de la Educación Superior, 4 (168), 63-95.
  • OSPINA, M.; CANAVIRE-BACARREZA, G.; BOHÓRQUEZ, S. y CUARTAS, D. (2015). «Expansión de la educación superior y sus efectos en matriculación y migración: evidencia de Colombia». Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, 75, 317-348. https://doi.org/10.13043/DYS.75.8
  • PILLAI, A. K.; VIETA, M. A. y SOTOMAYOR, L. (2021). «University Student Housing as Business Proposition and Entrepreneurial Activity: The Canadian Case». Housing Policy Debate, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2021.1883703
  • PRADA-TRIGO, J. (2019a). «Understanding studentification dynamics in low-income neighbourhoods: Students as gentrifiers in Concepción (Chile)». Urban Studies, 56 (14), 2.863-2.879. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807623
  • PRADA-TRIGO, J. (2019b). «Estudiantes universitarios y su importancia en los cambios barriales: ¿hacia nuevos modelos de gentrificación en espacios periféricos?». Boletín de la AGE (80), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2683
  • PRADA-TRIGO, J.; ARAVENA, N. y BARRA, P. (2021a). «Temporary destudentification caused by COVID‐19: Motivations and effects on social relations in a Chilean university city». Population, Space and Place. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2529
  • PRADA-TRIGO, J.; BARRA, P. y ARAVENA, N. (2021b). «Long-Distance Commuting and Real Estate Investment Linked to Mining: The Case Study of Concepción Metropolitan Area (Chile)». Resources Policy, 70, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101973
  • RAMA, C. (2009). «La tendencia a la masificación de la cobertura de la educación superior en América Latina». Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 50, 173-195. https://doi.org/10.35362/rie500668
  • REVINGTON, N. (2018). «Pathways and Processes: Reviewing the Role of Young Adults in Urban Structure». The Professional Geographer, 70 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2017.1288574
  • REVINGTON, N. (2021). «Age Segregation, Intergenerationality, and Class Monopoly Rent in the Student Housing Submarket». Antipode, 53 (4), 1.228-1.250. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12710
  • RODRÍGUEZ, C. y CASTILLO, V. (2015). «Stock profesional, eficiencia educativa, y segmentación: análisis de los procesos de formación profesional en Chile». Civilizar, 15 (29), 181-196.
  • RUGG, J.; FORD, J. y BURROWS, R. (2004). «Housing advantage? The role of student renting in the constitution of housing biographies in the United Kingdom». Journal of Youth Studies, 7 (1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367626042000209930
  • RUSSO, A. P. y CAPEL, L. C. (2007). «From Citadels of Education to Cartier Latins (and Back?): The Changing Landscapes of Student Populations in European Cities: Changing landscapes of student populations». Geography Compass, 1 (5), 1.160-1.189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00056.x
  • SABATINI, F. (2000). «Reforma de los mercados de suelo en Santiago, Chile: efectos sobre los precios de la tierra y la segregación residencial». EURE (Santiago), 26 (77), 49-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612000007700003
  • SAGE, J.; SMITH, D. y HUBBARD, P. (2012a). «The Diverse Geographies of Studentification: Living Alongside People “Not” Like Us». Housing Studies, 27 (8), 1.057-1.078. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2012.728570
  • SAGE, J.; SMITH, D. y HUBBARD, P. (2012b). «New-build Studentification: A Panacea for Balanced Communities?». Urban Studies, 50 (13), 2.623-2.641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013477694
  • SARAVIA, F. (2018). «Vínculo entre percepción territorial y movilidad espacial en trayectorias de la clase media profesional: región de Los Lagos, Chile». Cadernos Metrópole, 20 (42), 531-551. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2018-4211
  • SCHURCH, R. (2013). «El retorno de las carreras: un estudio de caso de los factores que inciden en las remuneraciones de universitarios recién titulados». Calidad en la Educación, 38, 215-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.31619/caledu.n38.110
  • SCHWARTZ, J. M. y RYAN, J. (2003). Picturing Place Photography and the Geographical Imagination. Nueva York: Tauris.
  • SMITH, D. (2004). «“Studentification”: the gentrification factory?». En: ATKINSON, R. y BRIDGE. G. (coords.). Gentrification in a global context: the new urban colonialism. Londres: Routledge, 73-90.
  • SMITH, D. (2005). «Patterns and processes of “studentification” in Leeds». The Regional Review, 12, 14-16.
  • SMITH, D. (2009). «“Student Geographies”, Urban Restructuring, and the Expansion of Higher Education». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41 (8), 1.795-1.804. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42257
  • SMITH, D. y HOLT, L. (2007). «Studentification and “Apprentice” Gentrifiers within Britain’s Provincial Towns and Cities: Extending the Meaning of Gentrification». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 39 (1), 142-161. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38476
  • SMITH, N. (1987). «Gentrification and the Rent Gap». Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77 (3), 462-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00171.x
  • SMITH, N. (1996). «Gentrification, the frontier, and the restructuring of urban space». En: FYFE, N. y KENNY, J. (eds.) (2005). Readings in urban theory. Londres: Routledge, 338-358.
  • SOTOMAYOR, L.; TARHAN, D.; VIETA, M.; MCCARTNEY, S. y MAS, A. (2022). «When students are house-poor: Urban universities, student marginality, and the hidden curriculum of student housing». Cities, 124, 103572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103572
  • SPIESS, K. y WROHLICH, K. (2010). «Does distance determine who attends a university in Germany?». Economic of Education Review, 29, 470-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.10.009
  • TAIWO, J.; OPEYEMI, M.; FRANCES, T. y OMOTOSO, K. (2021). «Off-campus student housing satisfaction indicators and the drivers: From student perspectives to policy re-awakening in governance». Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 31 (7), 889-915. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1825247
  • TINDAL, S.; PACKWOOD, H.; FINDLAY, A.; LEAHY, S. y MCCOLLUM, D. (2015). «In What Sense “Distinctive”? The Search for Distinction Amongst Cross-border Student Migrants in the UK». Geoforum, 64, 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.06.001
  • TULL, M.; EDMONDS, K.; SCAMALDO, K.; RICHMOND, J.; ROSE, J. y GRATZ, K. (2020). «Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life». Psychiatry Research, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098
  • UNGER, S. y MEIRAN, W. (2020). «Student attitudes towards online education during the COVID-19 viral outbreak of 2020: Distance learning in a time of social distance». International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4 (4), 256-266. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.107
  • WACHSMUTH, D. y WEISLER, A. (2018). «Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 50 (6), 1.147-1.170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X18778038
  • WELLS, R.; CUENCA, R.; BLANCO, G. y ARAGÓN, J. (2017). «Geographic mobility and social inequality among Peruvian university students». Higher Education, 75 (3), 449-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0149-6