Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de profesionales sanitarios de los servicios de emergencias médicas extrahospitalarios españoles

  1. Raúl Soto-Cámara 1
  2. Rosa Mª Cárdaba-García 2
  3. Noemí García-Santa-Basilia 3
  4. Henar Onrubia-Baticón 3
  5. María Paz Matellán-Hernández 4
  6. Susana Navalpotro-Pascual 5
  1. 1 Doctor por la Universidad de Burgos. Emergencias Sanitarias de Castilla y León-Sacyl. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Burgos. España
  2. 2 Doctora por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Emergencias Sanitarias de Castilla y León-Sacyl. Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad de Valladolid. España
  3. 3 Diplomada en Enfermería. Emergencias Sanitarias de Castilla y León-Sacyl. España
  4. 4 Licenciada en Antropología Social y Cultural. Emergencias Sanitarias de Castilla y León-Sacyl. España
  5. 5 Doctora por la Universidad Pontificia de Comillas. SUMMA 112. Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. España
Erakutsi afiliazioak +
Aldizkaria:
Metas de enfermería

ISSN: 1138-7262

Argitalpen urtea: 2023

Alea: 26

Zenbakia: 4

Orrialdeak: 22-32

Mota: Artikulua

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Beste argitalpen batzuk: Metas de enfermería

Laburpena

Objetivo: analizar el nivel de afectación psicológica de los profesionales sanitarios (PS) de servicios de emergencias extrahospitalarias (SEM) españoles en función de la incidencia acumulada de COVID-19 de las comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) en las que trabajaban, identificando posibles factores predictores de una mayor severidad. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico en el que se incluyeron a todos los PS que se encontrasen trabajando en algún SEM de la geografía española entre el 01/02/2021 y el 30/04/2021. Las variables principales fueron: nivel de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, evaluados mediante la escala DASS-21, recogiéndose también información sociodemográfica, clínica y laboral. Se llevó a cabo un análisis univariante y multivariante de regresión logística. Resultados: la muestra estuvo formada por 1.710 PS. El 37,39%, el 39,36% y el 30,46% de las personas participantes presentaron niveles graves de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, respectivamente. Las mujeres, quienes eran más jóvenes o con menos experiencia laboral en SEM, el personal técnico en emergencias sanitarias, quienes declararon consumo previo de psicoterapia y/o psicofármacos, o quienes modificaron sus condiciones laborales, tuvieron más probabilidades de desarrollar niveles más graves de estrés, ansiedad o depresión, variando estos factores en función del área geográfica (clasificada según la IA de COVID-19) de trabajo. Conclusiones: la IA de casos COVID-19 en las diferentes CC.AA. no ha condicionado la aparición de niveles psicopatológicos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los PS del ámbito extrahospitalario español; si bien, en cada una de ellas, se han identificado factores sociodemográficos, clínicos o laborales que predisponen a una mayor afectación psicológica.

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