¿Cómo sobrevivir al doctorado?Un meta-análisis del éxito en doctorandos

  1. Raquel Lozano-Blasco 1
  2. Borja Romero-Gonzalez 2
  3. Alberto Soto-Sanchez 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
  2. 2 Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
Revista:
Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

ISSN: 1139-613X,  2174-5374

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 27

Número: 1

Páginas: 105-129

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

Resumen

El doctorado es la llave para que los nuevos investigadores inicien su actividad científica. Este proceso ha implicado tradicionalmente una profunda soledad y el desarrollo de problemas que afectan a la salud de los doctorandos. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un meta-análisis para comprobar la influencia de determinadas variables sociodemográficas y personales en el abandono de estudios de doctorado. Tras una revisión de la literatura existente y de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra total fue de 9 artículos, que contenían un total de 53 muestras y 32760 estudiantes de doctorado con una edad media de 29,80 años. Los principales resultados muestran que la permanencia en el programa de doctorado depende del género, la edad y de variables personales, siendo el apoyo social (apoyo familiar, apoyo institucional y autoestima) el que explica el 11% de la permanencia en el programa de doctorado, seguido de la autoestima, mientras que el burnout explica un porcentaje muy bajo del éxito (Tau2 = 0.40; I2 = 99.48; R2 = .03; p = .001). El modelo que mejor explica la permanencia en el doctorado parte del apoyo social. De esta forma, los estudiantes de doctorado demandan el apoyo de sus iguales, familia e institución, pudiendo ser nuestros resultados explicados por el rol tan importante que tiene el apoyo social como mediador de las consecuencias del estrés. Del mismo modo, el papel de la familia y el entorno más cercano no son los únicos elementos relevantes; las universidades, como organizaciones, también pueden favorecer un entorno adecuado, agradable y motivador a través de estilos de liderazgo democráticos y al promover actividades sociales que permitan a los estudiantes de doctorado establecer relaciones socioafectivas que les proporcionen bienestar emocional, una red de aprendizaje y sinergias.

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