Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect

  1. Del Rio, Miren 1
  2. Ruiz‐Peinado, Ricardo 1
  3. Holm, Stig‐Olof 2
  4. Jansons, Aris 3
  5. Nord‐Larsen, Thomas 4
  6. Verheyen, Kris 5
  7. Bravo‐Oviedo, Andrés 6
  8. Pretzsch, Hans 7
  9. Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo 1
  10. Jactel, Hervé 8
  11. Coll, Lluís 9
  12. Löf, Magnus 10
  13. Aldea, Jorge 10
  14. Ammer, Christian 11
  15. Avdagić, Admir 12
  16. Barbeito, Ignacio 13
  17. Bielak, Kamil 14
  18. Bravo, Felipe 15
  19. Brazaitis, Gediminas 16
  20. Cerný, Jakub 17
  21. Collet, Catherine 18
  22. Condés, Sonia 19
  23. Drössler, Lars 20
  24. Fabrika, Marek 21
  25. Heym, Michael 7
  26. Hylen, Gro 22
  27. Janssons, Aris 3
  28. Kurylyak, Viktor 23
  29. Lombardi, Fabio 24
  30. Matović, Bratislav 25
  31. Metslaid, Marek 26
  32. Motta, Renzo 27
  33. Nord-Larsen, Thomas 4
  34. Nothdurft, Arne 28
  35. Den Ouden, Jan 29
  36. Pach, Maciej 30
  37. Pardos, Marta 1
  38. Poeydebat, Charlotte 8
  39. Ponette, Quentin 31
  40. Pérot, Tomas 32
  41. Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel 4
  42. Sitko, Roman 21
  43. Sramek, Vit 17
  44. Steckel, Mathias 33
  45. Svoboda, Miroslav 34
  46. Vospernik, Sonja 28
  47. Wolff, Barbara 35
  48. Zlatanov, Tzvetan 36
  49. Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés 6
  50. Show all authors +
  1. 1 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria
    info

    Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/011q66e29

  2. 2 Umeå University
    info

    Umeå University

    Umeå, Suecia

    ROR https://ror.org/05kb8h459

  3. 3 Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava"
  4. 4 University of Copenhagen
    info

    University of Copenhagen

    Copenhague, Dinamarca

    ROR https://ror.org/035b05819

  5. 5 Ghent University
    info

    Ghent University

    Gante, Bélgica

    ROR https://ror.org/00cv9y106

  6. 6 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
    info

    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02gfc7t72

  7. 7 Technical University Munich
    info

    Technical University Munich

    Múnich, Alemania

    ROR https://ror.org/02kkvpp62

  8. 8 University of Bordeaux
    info

    University of Bordeaux

    Burdeos, Francia

    ROR https://ror.org/057qpr032

  9. 9 Universitat de Lleida
    info

    Universitat de Lleida

    Lleida, España

    ROR https://ror.org/050c3cw24

  10. 10 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    info

    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

    Upsala, Suecia

    ROR https://ror.org/02yy8x990

  11. 11 University of Göttingen
    info

    University of Göttingen

    Gotinga, Alemania

    ROR https://ror.org/01y9bpm73

  12. 12 University of Sarajevo
    info

    University of Sarajevo

    Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina

    ROR https://ror.org/02hhwgd43

  13. 13 University of British Columbia
    info

    University of British Columbia

    Vancouver, Canadá

    ROR https://ror.org/03rmrcq20

  14. 14 Warsaw University of Life Sciences
    info

    Warsaw University of Life Sciences

    Varsovia, Polonia

    ROR https://ror.org/05srvzs48

  15. 15 Universidad de Valladolid
    info

    Universidad de Valladolid

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01fvbaw18

  16. 16 Vytautas Magnus University
    info

    Vytautas Magnus University

    Kaunas, Lituania

    ROR https://ror.org/04y7eh037

  17. 17 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute
    info

    Forestry and Game Management Research Institute

    Praga, República Checa

    ROR https://ror.org/034cj1z12

  18. 18 University of Lorraine
    info

    University of Lorraine

    Nancy, Francia

    ROR https://ror.org/04vfs2w97

  19. 19 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03n6nwv02

  20. 20 Ilia State University
    info

    Ilia State University

    Tiflis, Georgia

    ROR https://ror.org/051qn8h41

  21. 21 Technical University of Zvolen
    info

    Technical University of Zvolen

    Zvolen, Eslovaquia

    ROR https://ror.org/00j75pt62

  22. 22 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
    info

    Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

    Oslo, Noruega

    ROR https://ror.org/04aah1z61

  23. 23 Ukrainian National Forestry University
  24. 24 Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria
    info

    Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria

    Regio de Calabria, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/041sz8d87

  25. 25 University of East Sarajevo
    info

    University of East Sarajevo

    Lukavica, Bosnia-Herzegovina

    ROR https://ror.org/022mv6k27

  26. 26 Estonian University of Life Sciences
    info

    Estonian University of Life Sciences

    Tartu, Estonia

    ROR https://ror.org/00s67c790

  27. 27 University of Turin
    info

    University of Turin

    Turín, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/048tbm396

  28. 28 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
    info

    University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

    Viena, Austria

    ROR https://ror.org/057ff4y42

  29. 29 Wageningen University & Research
  30. 30 University of Agriculture in Krakow
    info

    University of Agriculture in Krakow

    Cracovia, Polonia

    ROR https://ror.org/012dxyr07

  31. 31 Université Catholique de Louvain
    info

    Université Catholique de Louvain

    Louvain-la-Neuve, Bélgica

    ROR https://ror.org/02495e989

  32. 32 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
  33. 33 Forst Baden-Württemberg (AöR)
  34. 34 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
    info

    Czech University of Life Sciences Prague

    Praga, República Checa

    ROR https://ror.org/0415vcw02

  35. 35 Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE), FG Waldinventur und Planung
  36. 36 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
    info

    Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

    Sofía, Bulgaria

    ROR https://ror.org/01x8hew03

Show affiliations +

Editor: Dryad

Year of publication: 2022

Type: Dataset

CC0 1.0

DOI: 10.5061/DRYAD.0RXWDBS3R lock_openOpen access editor

Abstract

The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increase with species richness, although the ecological fundaments have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which this it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two-species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.