Análisis de la condición física, composición corporal, y perfil bioquímico y hormonal en las fases lútea y folicular durante una temporada en jugadoras adolescentes de voleibol de alto nivel

Abstract

The effect of high-performance sports on adolescent women has been underexplored in scientific literature. In this context, aspects such as hormonal profile, body composition, biochemical parameters, and physical condition may play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling athletes and their menstrual cycles. Therefore, the main objective of this doctoral thesis was to analyze differences in anthropometric variables, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, hormonal profile, and performance of high- level adolescent volleyball players in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle across different phases and throughout the season. The participants were adolescent volleyball players (n = 16, age = 16.1 ± 0.81 years) from the Permanent Concentration of Volleyball at the High Training and Sports Promotion Center in Soria (Caep Soria). A descriptive, comparative, and longitudinal study was conducted, including measurements in high-level adolescent volleyball players at various points in the season corresponding to the follicular and luteal phases, as well as the preparatory3 Márquez Calle, E. (2024). Análisis de la condición física, composición corporal, y perfil bioquímico y hormonal en las fases lútea y folicular durante una temporada en jugadoras adolescentes de voleibol de alto nivel. Kronos 23(1). and competitive periods. Physical performance was analyzed, hormonal profiles were assessed, and blood biochemical parameters were monitored through blood extraction at six points during the season, aligned with individualized follicular and luteal phases across each mesocycle of the plan (preparatory, competitive 1, and competitive 2). The main results of this doctoral thesis showed significant changes in performance in some fitness tests (p<0.05). Specifically, in block jump, horizontal jump, and 3kg medicine ball throw, there were differences between luteal and follicular phases during the preparatory period, and in the 3kg medicine ball throw test, there were differences between follicular and luteal phases during competitive period 2. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in other anthropometric variables, body composition, and biochemical and hormonal profiles between follicular and luteal phases. Significant differences were found between different periods of the season in some variables, but they did not follow a common pattern. The main conclusion of this doctoral thesis is that it is necessary to monitor the menstrual cycle of adolescent athletes and tailor training organization accordingly.