Diferencias en el análisis de datos desde distintas versiones de la Teoría Fundamentada

  1. Estrada-Acuña, Rosa Amelia
  2. Arzuaga, María Angélica
  3. Giraldo, Clara Victoria
  4. Cruz, Fatima
Revista:
Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

ISSN: 1139-5737

Año de publicación: 2021

Número: 51

Páginas: 185-229

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/EMPIRIA.51.2021.30812 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

Resumen

La teoría fundamentada (TF) es una metodología de investigación ampliamente conocida y utilizada en las ciencias sociales. Tiene varias versiones (Teoría Fundamentada Glaseriana, Straussiana, Dimensional, Constructivista y Análisis Situacional) que muestran diferencias que tienden a generar cierta confusión en su estudio y uso. Es el caso del proceso de análisis de datos. Para identificar estas diferencias, se realizó una revisión intencionada de la literatura publicada en los últimos 20 años en español, portugués e inglés. Hicimos una búsqueda sistemática en cinco bases de datos científicas y Google Scholar Beta. Fueron seleccionados 72 textos, incluidos libros y artículos de los cuales 31 están escritos por los principales referentes de cada versión y 41 escritos por otros autores y autoras que contribuyen a la comprensión del método. El análisis de estos textos permitió identificar elementos comunes y diferencias significativas. Los resultados encontrados revelan cinco aspectos comunes entre las versiones: comparación constante, muestreo teórico, elaboración de memorandos, sensibilidad teórica y saturación teórica. Asimismo, se encontró diferencias significativas en el proceso de análisis de datos, las corrientes filosóficas de cada versión, la teoría generada, los datos recolectados como entrevistas, entre otros. En particular, el proceso de análisis en las cinco versiones tiene aspectos comunes, pero los procedimientos utilizados son diferentes. Finalmente, se elaboraron representaciones gráficas para facilitar la comprensión del análisis de datos. El artículo facilita a los investigadores, especialmente a los nuevos, reconocer cómo y cuándo encajar en los diversos aspectos utilizados para el análisis de datos, especialmente si los requisitos de la investigación obligan a mezclar o fusionar algunas perspectivas durante el proceso de análisis.

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